If the home is compared to a person, then the pipes buried in the walls and running in every corner are undoubtedly the “arteries” of the home. Do you know what material is often called pvc? What are the specifications of the water pipes? What should I pay attention to when purchasing and installing pipes? Which pipe brand is good? What should I do if the water pipe leaks? Corroded gas pipes and how should they be repaired? This issue will give you a comprehensive introduction to the knowledge of home plumbing decoration.
Water Pipes 1 Common Water Pipe Materials
PVC Pipe
Green and environmental protection, acid and alkali resistance, easy construction, smooth inner diameter, lower water energy Consumption, but not suitable for hot water pipes, easily brittle and cracked by impact, low-quality counterfeit pollution.
PPR pipe
Hygienic, non-toxic, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, no scaling, Light weight, heat preservation and energy saving; but the connection is random, there is a risk of cracking, low temperature resistance is poor, the expansion coefficient is large, and the aging resistance is poor.
pe pipe
non-toxic, tasteless, odorless, good heat resistance and cold resistance, The construction is simple, but it is sensitive to chemicals, easy to crack, and not easy to stain.
Fiberglass tube
Good corrosion resistance, aging resistance, heat resistance, frost resistance , Light weight, high strength, good wear resistance, but brittle, poor wear resistance.
Aluminum-plastic composite pipe
Good hygiene performance, excellent high and low temperature resistance, long service life, However, long-term thermal expansion and cold contraction are easy to leak, which will harden and repair inconveniently.
Galvanized pipe
Hygienic, non-toxic, good heat resistance, corrosion resistance, no scaling , Light weight, heat preservation and energy saving, but the connection is random, there is a risk of cracking, low temperature resistance, large expansion coefficient, poor aging resistance.
Copper tube
Corrosion resistance, sterilization, light weight, good thermal conductivity, but the price Expensive and high construction requirements.
2 Water pipe material comparison Comparison project Metal pipe plastic pipe plastic composite pipe advantages Water repellency, strong air permeability, acid and alkali resistance, shock resistance and crack resistance, good compatibility with thermal insulation systems, non-toxic, light weight, durable Good pressure, corrosion resistance and thermal insulation performance, not easy to corrode, easy to construct, excellent high temperature resistance Disadvantages prone to scratches and hollow drums Poor high temperature resistance, poor pressure resistance Poor pressure resistance When drinking water pipes are suitable for hot water pipes, even pure drinking water pipes should be constructed as exposed pipes or buried in walls, not buried in the ground. Is there any odor in the water pipe;
2. Look at the color, thickness and gloss of the water pipe, and see if there is a sanitary license;
3. Pay attention, pay attention to the pipes and fittings you buy Whether it is produced by the same manufacturer;
4. Construction and installation, look at the doorway, product quality is not equal to engineering quality;
5. Maintenance and transformation, convenient and good, maintenance and transformation use easy-to-maintain water pipes ;
6. After-sales service, see long-term effects, brand pipelines all have perfect after-sales service and warranty.
How to install 4 home improvement water pipes The hidden dangers caused by poor materials. The inner and outer walls of the water pipe should be smooth and flat, without air bubbles, cracks, cracks, depressions, peeling, severe cold spots and obvious marks.
2. On-site disclosure
The installer should read the drawings carefully to confirm the water heater, sink, basin , the location of facilities and equipment such as washing machines, and understand whether the owner or designer has special requirements. If there are special requirements, construction should be carried out according to the instructions of the owner or designer.
3. Tube cutting
The tube is cut with a special tube, and the tube is cut with scissors. It should be adjusted to be consistent with the diameter of the pipe to be cut, and the force should be evenly applied when rotating and cutting. When the pipe is broken, the section should be perpendicular to the axis of the pipe. After cutting, the entire circular section of the fracture should be free of burrs.
4. Pipe connection
The water pipe and pipe fittings are connected by hot melt method. Remove dust and foreign objects from pipes and accessories. Do not rotate when hot melt welding. When connecting the wire pipe fittings, the raw material tape should be wrapped to ensure the sealing.
5. Pipe fixing
The spacing between the pipe clamps is 400-500mm, and the outer diameter is less than 25mm Pipes, corners, water meters and 100mm of pipe terminals are installed with pipe clamps. In special cases, if the water pipe of the ground trough is used, the thickness of the mortar filling needs to be >100mm.
6. Suppression acceptance
After the installation of the water pipe, a pressure test shall be carried out. The inner wire bend needs to be installed with a bulkhead or a triangle valve to ensure sealing. When installing the water pipe, it should be horizontal, level and vertical, the left side is hot and the right side is cold, and the spacing is ≥30mm. The distance between the hot and cold water outlet pipes is not less than 150mm.
Bathroom water pipe installation and construction>>
Electric wire 1 Electric wire and pipe material comparison comparison project plastic pipe metal pipe advantages The price is relatively cheap and the construction is convenient , will not rust and other heat-resistant, pressure-resistant, fire-resistant shortcomings, easy to deform, poor pressure resistance, high cost, only suitable for high-rise buildings. Bend 90 degrees; it can be hit with a hammer until the pipe is deformed. Pay attention to the pipe should not be flattened and cracked; the outer diameter and wall thickness of the steel pipe should meet the relevant national standards; there should be no burrs in the pipe. (1) Selection of conductors
1. According to the requirements of the design drawings, correctly select the specifications, models and quantities of conductors.
2. The rated voltage of the insulated wire in the tube shall not be lower than 450Ⅴ.
3. Color separation of wires: The thousand wires that penetrate into the tube may not be separated. In order to ensure safety and convenience of construction, a section of the main circuit from the outlet of the online pipe to the distribution box and the main switch of the panel and each branch circuit should be color-coded according to the requirements of the color code. The L1 phase is yellow, the L2 phase is green, and the L3 phase is green. It is red, N (needle thread) is light blue, and PE (protection thread) is green/yellow two-color.
(2) Tape thread
1. Tape line with φ1.2～φ2.0mm The head of the wire is bent into an unsealed circle to prevent it from being stuck when it encounters the pipe joint in the pipe. Pass the wire into the pipe, leaving a 20cm margin at both ends of the pipe.
2. If the pipeline is long or turns, the strip line can be put on together while the pipeline is laid during the structural construction and after leaving a 20cm margin, the strip line at both ends can be reeled. Put it into the box or wrap it around the tube head and fix it to prevent it from being pulled out by other personnel.
3. When the threading thread is blocked, use the method of threading the thread at both ends at the same time, bend the heads of the two threadings into a semicircle shape, and stir the two Hook the ends together and pull the cord out.
(3) Sweeping the pipe
Tie both ends of the cloth strip firmly on the belt line , The two people pull the belt line back and forth to remove the floating rust, dust, muddy water and other debris in the pipe.
(4) With mouth guard
Select the mouth guard according to the size of the nozzle, after the pipe is cleaned , and put the mouth guard over the nozzle. Before threading the steel pipe (electric wire pipe), check whether the mouth guard of each nozzle is complete, and if there is any omission or damage, it should be filled and replaced.
(5) wiring and disconnection
1. Before wiring, the wires should be aligned according to the drawing The variety, specification and quality are checked.
2. Paying off: When laying out the wire on the whole reel, place the wire on a pay-off stand or a pay-off cart to avoid dead buckles and backspins.
3. Broken wire: When cutting the wire, the reserved length of the wire in the box is 15cm, the reserved length of the wire in the box is 1/2 of the circumference of the box, and the reserved length of the wire out of the house is 15cm. is 1.5m.
(6) Binding of wires and tapes
1. When the number of wires is 2～ When there are 3 wires, the insulation layer at the front end of the wire can be stripped off, and then the wire core is directly tied with the tape wire and then compacted and tied firmly, so that a smooth cone transition is formed at the binding place.
2. When the number of wires is large or the cross-section of the wire is large, the insulation layer at the front end of the wire can be cut off, then the wire cores are arranged obliquely on the strip line, and the wire is wrapped and tied firmly. , so that a smooth cone transition is formed at the binding joint, which is convenient for threading.
(7) Threading inside the pipe
1. When the pipeline is long or has many turns, Blow the appropriate talc into the tube while threading.
2. When two people are threading, one pull and one send, cooperate and coordinate.
(8) Wire connection
When the wire is connected, the insulation must be cut off first to remove the oxidation on the surface of the wire The film is then connected, soldered, and wrapped for insulation.
(9) Joint wrapping
First pull it with rubber (or sticky plastic) insulating tape 2 times the length Start from the intact insulating layer at the beginning of the wire joint, wrap 1 to 2 insulating tape widths, and then overlap with half the width. During the winding process, the insulating tape should be tightened as much as possible. After 1 to 2 turns of winding on the layer, back-winding is carried out. After the wrapping is completed, wrap it with black tape. When wrapping, it should be well connected, and wrap it with half-width edge pressing. At the same time, tighten the black tape during the wrapping process, and both ends of the wire connector should be tightly sealed with black tape.
(10) Line inspection insulation shake test
1. Line inspection. After the connection and wrapping of the wires are all completed, self-inspection and mutual inspection should be carried out to check whether the quality of wire joints and wrapping meets the requirements of the specification and quality standards.
2. Insulation shake test. The insulation shake test of the line generally uses an insulation resistance meter with a range of 1 000 V and a range of 0 to 1000 MΩ. There are three terminals on the insulation resistance meter marked “Earth (E)”, “Line (L)” and “Guard Ring (C)”. The two ends to be tested can be connected to the “E” and “L” end buttons respectively. Shaking test method: The line shaking test must be carried out twice:
1) After the wire in the pipe is pierced, the insulation shaking test of each branch wire is carried out before the electrical appliance is installed. First, proceed by household, separate the wires in the lamp holder box, connect the wires in the switch box, and shake the insulation resistance of the lighting (socket) branch line and trunk line respectively. One person shakes to measure, and one person reads in time. The shaking speed should be kept at about 120r/min. The reading should be taken after 1min, and should be recorded.
2) After all lighting fixtures are installed, before powering on, measure the insulation resistance of the line by system, unit, and household. First, put the switches, knife gates, meters, equipment, etc. on the line in the disconnected position. One person shakes the test, and one person reads it in time. The shaking speed should be kept at about 120r/min. The reading should be taken after 1min. Make a good record, file the completed construction, and confirm that the insulation resistance shake test is correct before conducting the power transmission test run.
Floor Heating Pipe Article 1 Floor Heating Pipe Material
PE-RT Polyethylene
Polyethylene pipe is the current floor heating market The most common pipe material in the world is also one of the most widely used pipes. It uses a new generation of floor heating pipe raw materials with superior toughness, stress crack resistance, low temperature impact resistance, outstanding long-term water pressure resistance and thermal creep resistance of octene. . When it is accidentally damaged, it can be repaired by hot melt connection. Generally, we think that PE-RT polyethylene floor heating pipe is suitable for any heating system below 60 °C.
PB polybutene
As the name suggests, the raw material of PB floor heating pipe is polybutene, which is in Plastic pipes are known as “soft gold”. The PB pipe is light in weight, has good pressure resistance, impact resistance, low temperature resistance and high temperature resistance, and can be used for a long time at 100 ° C. The flexibility of the PB floor heating pipe is the best among all floor heating pipes. Melting and welding, the connection is reliable. However, due to the high cost of PB pipes, many consumers are discouraged!
PEX cross-linked polyethylene
The raw materials used in the production of pex pipes are mainly high-density polyethylene resin, and the cross-linking agent is organic peroxide. , but the price of PEX floor heating raw materials is quite different, and some domestic manufacturers choose raw materials at will, making it difficult to guarantee product quality, so this point should be paid attention to in the selection and use of floor heating materials.
2 Purchase of floor heating pipes
1. Look at the surface of floor heating pipes. The surface of good quality floor heating pipes is relatively smooth without bumps, bubbles, obvious color difference and impurities, and the printing on good floor heating pipes It is clear and not easy to fall off.
2. Use your hand to feel whether the pipe has grooves or edges. The pipe with good quality feels delicate, smooth, and moderately soft and hard.
3. Comparing the flexibility and wall thickness of the floor heating pipe, the wall thickness of the good quality floor heating pipe can meet the requirements and is the same as the label.
4. The monitoring in the detection part is the method to be taken when there is suspicion about the floor heating pipe.
Hose 1 Types of Hose and Advantages and Disadvantages of Hose Types Advantages and Disadvantages High toughness, high impact resistance, good bendability, high temperature resistance, friction resistance, corrosion resistance, flame retardant, electrical insulation Large bending radius, softness is not as good as traditional rubber pipes, stainless steel hoses have good flexibility and corrosion resistance , high temperature resistance, wear resistance, tensile resistance will rust, and then it is easy to scale, resulting in water pollution. The corrugated hose has good flexibility, light weight, corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance, high and low temperature resistance. Large, expensive rubber hose has a long life, smooth inner wall, easy to clean, low moisture absorption, low air permeability, high temperature sterilization and autoclave sterilization The price depends on the size and size, natural rubber: not weather-resistant, not oil-resistant plastic hose High elasticity, anti-knotting, anti-wear, low gas permeability, good solvent resistance, low compressibility, strong corrosion resistance, filling the cavity easily dissatisfied… 2 Shower hose purchase
1. Try to put Stretch the hose and check the elastic properties of the hose. Generally, the better the elastic properties of the product, the better the rubber material used. The braided nylon core is generally made of plastic-coated acrylic fiber to protect the inner tube. The 304 stainless steel outer tube is made of stainless steel wire wound to protect the inner tube, limit stretching and explosion-proof. Even if the products of some manufacturers are marked with stainless steel skin, they are not actually stainless steel. You must pay attention to this when purchasing. Check whether the springback returns to its original position after stretching.
2. The nut of the shower head is now available in stainless steel and cast copper. It is strongly recommended that you buy a nut made of cast copper, which will not leak water. And the service life is long.
3. The material of the shower switch valve core. The number of times the faucet of the shower is switched on and off is about 300,000 times. You must pay attention to this when purchasing.
Pipeline Unblocking Chapter 1 What should I do if the pipe is blocked
1. Water channel dredging agent. It is the best product on the market. This product is especially effective for unblocking clogs caused by hair, greasy, paper, etc. It is widely used in the clogging and dredging of kitchen sinks, washbasins, bathtubs, floor drains, and toilets in restaurants, hotels, homes, etc. No damage to sewer pipes (including PVC pipes) and no damage to the electroplating layer.
How to use: Remove the accumulated water in the sink or sanitary ware, pour 50-100G of this product into the sewer, if there is no water in the sewer, please add half a cup of water. At this point the pipe is boiling. Rinse with plenty of water after about 20 minutes.
Recommended dosage: washbasin, bathtub, floor drain – 100G, vegetable sink – 200G, toilet – 400G.
2. The practice of unblocking the bathtub sewer. Mainly because of the blockage caused by the hair left in the shower. Since there is a cover at the drain in the bathtub, it can only be dredged from the floor drain. Go to a small store and buy a hand-cranked spiral wire for 8 yuan (about 6 mm in diameter) from the floor drain while shaking and pushing down until the hand-crank has a If you feel the foreign body, then gently shake it and pull it up, the clogged hair and other dirt will spin on the spiral wire, and the problem will be solved. very convenient. If there is no cover at the drain in the bathtub, it is more convenient (do not use hydrochloric acid. First, it pollutes the environment, and secondly, it is easy to cause danger to the human body. Thirdly, pipes that have been used for a long time are easily eroded by hydrochloric acid. Perforation, the trouble is even greater).
3. Put the caustic soda into the mouth of the sewer, and then pour a pot of boiling water into it, not a thermos, but a big pot for water.
Iron sticks are used to prevent the corroded canals from being penetrated. Thick rattan can be used instead. The head of the rattan can be nailed with ten eight-inch long iron nails. One side extends in and one side rotates and stirs to loosen the debris. Then pour in with a concentrated alkaline solution, and then push the rattan in and pull it out. , if it continues for many times, it can be effective. In addition to thick rattan, you can also buy spring drains from hardware stores, which are more effective. Salt, white vinegar, straws, etc. used by ordinary people will not work.
5. How to dredge the blockage of animal grease: If it is oily, it is recommended to use boiling water to unclog it. Of course, it is better if you can buy concentrated sulfuric acid. If something is blocking it, you can only use the special tool for cleaning the pipes mentioned above. Cement blocking: 70% hydrochloric acid is not found, 35% is sold everywhere, you can try it. A small amount of flour is added in it to act as a corrosion inhibitor, and urotropine is the best. Can reduce corrosion to steel. Go to the market and spend some quick money to buy a 2-meter-long spring wire pipe dredging tool, make a 10-20 degree bend at 1-2 cm above its head, and dredge it back and forth at the entrance and exit of the sewer, and cooperate with water. rinse.
6. Go to the mall to buy a professional cleaning powder for pipes, such as (Swallow King), the ingredients seem to be lime powder and so on.
7. If your sewers are made of new PVC, then you can use a vacuum pump to suck up the water above, and then pour concentrated vinegar or caustic soda, Both industrial vinegar and industrial alkali can be used, but do not mix them, use only one. If you don’t know or aren’t sure, or if it’s definitely old-fashioned iron pipe, then at best try it with a mild vinegar-grade acid. Do not use the above method. After filling these things, it will be effective in about 3 hours. If there is no response, then you can only ask a professional dredging team to forcibly dredge it.
8. Put in a small yellow cockroach, or add some irritating things such as washing powder or salt, and then cover the lid, and the sewer pipe will disappear instantly. That’s it!
9. The green way to unclog the drain: Pour 1 cup of washing powder into the clogged drain, then 3 cups of hot water. If that doesn’t clear the drain, pour another cup of vinegar into it.
10. Log dredging method: insert a log with a diameter close to the inner diameter of the sewer pipe, and put a certain amount of water in the pool , Uninterrupted and rapidly pumping the log up and down, under the action of suction and pressure, the dirt blocked in the pipe will be washed away. If the above methods still can’t dredge, you can ask a professional sewer dredging company to solve it.
