Complete wheelchair accessories
Today I will introduce to you what wheelchair accessories are, as well as different wheelchair accessories and their functions. Ordinary wheelchairs are generally composed of four parts: wheelchair frame, wheels, braking device and seat. The functions of the main components of the wheelchair are briefly described below.
1, large wheels
carry the major weight. The diameter of the wheel is 51, 56, 61, 66cm. Pneumatic tires are often used, except for a few solid tires that are required by the use environment.
2, small wheels
There are 12, 15, 18, 20cm diameters, and the small wheels with large diameters are easy to cross small obstacles and special carpets. However, if the diameter is too large, the space occupied by the entire wheelchair becomes larger, making it inconvenient to move. The normal small wheel is before the big wheel, but in the wheelchair for paraplegics, the small wheel is often placed after the big wheel. It should be noted during operation that the direction of the small wheel should be perpendicular to the big wheel, otherwise it is easy to fall.
3
strong>. Hand wheel rim
It is unique to manual wheelchair, and its diameter is generally smaller than that of the large rim 5cm. When the hemiplegia is driven with one hand, an additional one with a smaller diameter is available for selection. The hand wheel rim is a very important manual wheelchair accessory, and its quality is related to the quality of the manual wheelchair. The hand wheel rim is generally pushed directly by the patient. If the function is not good, it can be changed in the following ways for easy driving:
(1 ) Add rubber on the surface of the hand wheel rim to increase the grinding force.
(2) Add a knob along the circumference of the hand wheel.
The push handle has the following types:
①Horizontal push handle. For C5 spinal injuries. Therefore, when the biceps are healthy, the hand is placed on the push handle, and the cart can be pushed forward by flexing the elbow. If there is no horizontal push handle, it cannot be pushed.
② Vertical push handle. For rheumatoid arthritis when shoulder and hand joint movement is limited. Therefore, the horizontal push handle cannot be used.
③Bold the push handle. It is used for patients with severely limited finger movement and it is difficult to make a fist. It is also suitable for patients with osteoarthritis, heart disease or the elderly.
4, tires
Available in solid, inflatable and tubeless inflatable versions. The solid type travels faster on flat ground, is not easy to burst, and is easy to push, but it vibrates greatly on uneven roads, and it is not easy to pull out when stuck in the groove of the same width as the tire; The vibration is smaller than the solid one; the tubeless inflatable type will not puncture because the tubeless, and the inside is also inflated, it is comfortable to sit up, but it is more difficult to push than the solid one.
5,brake
The big wheels should have brakes on each wheel. Of course, when a hemiplegic can only use one hand, he can only use one hand brake, but an extension rod can also be installed to operate both sides brake. Brake is an important part of electric wheelchair accessories, which provides a good guarantee for the safety performance of electric wheelchair.
There are two types of brakes:
(1) Notch brake. This brake is safe and reliable, but more laborious. After adjustment, it can also be braked on slopes. If it is adjusted to level 1 and cannot be braked on flat ground, it is invalid.
(2) Toggle brake. Using the principle of leverage to brake after passing through several joints, its mechanical advantage is stronger than that of the notch brake, but the failure is faster. In order to increase the braking force of the patient, an extension rod is often added to the brake, but this rod is easily damaged, and safety will be affected if it is not checked frequently.
6, Seat
Its height, depth and width depend on the patient’s body type, and its material texture also depends on the disease. Generally, the depth is 41, 43cm, the width is 40, 46cm, and the height is 45, 50cm.
7, seatpad
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In order to avoid pressure sores, pay close attention to the cushions, possibly try to use eggcrate or Roto cushions, which are made of A large piece of plastic is composed of a large number of nipple-shaped plastic hollow columns with a diameter of about 5cm. Each column is soft and easy to move. After the patient sits, the pressure surface becomes a large number of pressure points, and when the patient moves a little, the pressure points Changes with the movement of the nipple, so that the pressure point can be constantly changed, avoiding pressure ulcers caused by frequent pressure on the same area. If there is no such cushion, a layered foam should be used, the thickness of which should be 10cm, the upper layer should be 0.5cm thick high-density polyarethane foam, and the lower layer should be medium-density plastic of the same nature. The density ones are supportive, and the medium density ones are soft and comfortable. In the sitting position, the ischial tubercle bears a lot of pressure, often exceeding 1 to 16 times the pressure at the normal capillary end, and is prone to ischemia to form pressure ulcers. In order to avoid excessive pressure here, a piece is often dug on the corresponding pad to make the ischial tuberosity overhead. When digging, the front should be 2.5cm in front of the ischial tubercle, and the side should be 2.5cm outside the tubercle. The depth is about 7.5cm. After digging, the cushion is in a concave shape and the gap is behind. If the above cushion is used with an incision, it can effectively prevent the occurrence of pressure ulcers.
8, foot and leg rests
The leg rests can be straddled on both sides or separated on both sides, both of which are the most suitable for swinging to one side and detachable ideal. Attention must be paid to the height of the footrest. If the foot support is too high, the hip flexion angle is too large, and more weight is added to the ischial tuberosity, which is easy to cause pressure ulcers there.
9, backrest
The backrest is available in height and height and can be tilted or not. If the patient has good balance and control of the trunk, a wheelchair with a low backrest can be used to enable the patient to have a greater range of motion. Instead, use a high-back wheelchair.
10, armrest or arm rest
Generally, it is 22.5~25cm higher than the seat surface of the chair, and some arm rests can be adjusted in height. You can also put a lapboard on the arm rest for reading and eating. The styles and materials of armrests or arm rests used by different wheelchair brands are generally different, and you can choose according to your own needs.
