I. How to operate the CNC machining center
The CNC machining center is composed of mechanical equipment and CNC system. It is suitable for high-efficiency automatic machine tools for processing complex parts. The comprehensive processing ability is strong, and many friends do not understand the operation method of the CNC machining center. The following is a brief introduction to you:
1. Start-up preparation
Each After the machine is turned on for the first time or the machine tool is reset by emergency stop, first return to the reference zero position of the machine tool (ie, return to zero), so that the machine tool has a reference position for its subsequent operations.
2. Clamping the workpiece
Clean all surfaces before clamping the workpiece. Clamp the workpiece with the iron and the nut, and place it on the machine table of the machining center (for workpieces with too large span, you need to add equal-height bolsters in the middle). Use a pull ruler to check whether the length, width and height of the workpiece are qualified. nut.
3. The number of workpiece touches
For the clamped workpiece, the touch head can be used to set the reference point for processing, and the touch head can be used There are two types of photoelectric type and mechanical type. There are two kinds of methods: middle touch and unilateral touch. Taking the photoelectric type as an example, manually move the X-axis of the worktable so that the touch head touches one side of the workpiece. When the counter head just touches the workpiece and the red light is on, set the relative coordinate value of this point to zero; then manually move the X-axis of the worktable so that the counter head touches the other side of the workpiece, when the counter head just touches the workpiece Write down the relative coordinates at this time, subtract the diameter of the encounter head (ie the length of the workpiece) according to its relative value, and check whether the length of the workpiece meets the requirements of the drawing.
Divide this relative coordinate number by 2, the obtained value is the middle value of the workpiece X axis, then move the worktable to the middle value on the X axis, and set the relative coordinate value of the X axis at this point Zero, this point is the zero position on the X axis of the workpiece.
Carefully record the mechanical coordinate value of the zero position on the X axis of the workpiece in one of G54~G59, and let the machine tool determine the zero position on the X axis of the workpiece. Double check the correctness of the data again. The steps of workpiece Y-axis zero setting are the same as the X-axis operations.
4. According to the programming work instructionsPrepareAll tools
According to the programming work instructions The tool data in the book, replace the tool to be processed, let the tool touch the height measuring device placed on the reference plane, and set the relative coordinate value of this point to zero when the red light of the measuring device is on. Move the tool to a safe place, manually move the tool down 50mm, and set the relative coordinate value of this point to zero again, which is the zero position of the Z axis.
Record the mechanical coordinate Z value of this point in one of G54~G59. This completes the zero setting of the workpiece X, Y, and Z axes. Double check the correctness of the data again.
The one-sided touch is also to touch one side of the X and Y axes of the workpiece according to the above method, and offset the relative coordinates of the X and Y axes of this point. The radius of the touch head is the X and Y axes. Finally, mark the mechanical coordinates of a point X and Y axis in one of G54~G59. Double check the correctness of the data again.
Check the correctness of the zero point, move the X and Y axes to the side overhang of the workpiece, and visually check the correctness of the zero point according to the size of the workpiece.
Copy the program files to the computer according to the file path of the programming work instruction.
5. Set machining parameters
Set appropriate machining parameters according to machining requirements, including spindle speed, cutting speed, machining feed rate, The cutting amount of the tool, etc.
6. Start processing
At the beginning of each program, it must be carefully checked whether the tool used is the one specified in the programming instruction. When starting processing, the feed speed should be adjusted to the minimum, executed in a single block, and must be concentrated when positioning quickly, dropping the tool, and feeding the tool. If there is a problem with the stop button, stop immediately. Then slowly increase the feed rate to a suitable level, and at the same time add coolant or cold air to the tool and workpiece.
Do not leave the control panel too far when roughing, if there is any abnormal phenomenon, please stop and check in time.
Pull the watch again after opening to make sure the workpiece is not loose. If there is, it must be re-calibrated and touched.
Continuously optimize the machining parameters during the machining process to achieve the best machining effect.
7. Worker self-inspection
The main content of self-inspection is the position and size of the processing part: such as whether the workpiece is loose; whether the workpiece is correctly divided; Whether the size from the part to the reference edge (reference point) conforms to the drawing requirements; the position size of the processing parts. Measure the roughed shape ruler (except arcs) after checking the position dimensions. After finishing, workers should conduct self-inspection on the shape and size of the processing part: check the basic length and width of the processing part on the vertical plane; measure the base point size marked on the drawing for the processing part on the inclined plane.
The worker can remove the workpiece and send it to the inspector for special inspection after completing the self-inspection of the workpiece and confirming that it conforms to the drawings and process requirements.
Second, CNC machining center safety operating procedures
1. Operator requirements
Must be familiar with The structure, performance, transmission system, lubrication parts, electrical and other basic knowledge and use and maintenance methods of the machining center must be checked and qualified before the operator can operate.
2. Before work
It is required to check whether the oil quantity of the oil storage part of the lubrication system meets the requirements; whether the worktable, guide rail and main sliding surface are damaged or not ; Whether the safety protection, braking (stop) and reversing devices are complete and intact; operating valves, switches, etc. should be in non-working positions, flexible, accurate and reliable; whether the tools are in non-working positions, and whether the tools and blades are loose ; Whether the electrical distribution box is closed firmly and whether the electrical grounding is good.
3. At work
(1) Stick to your post, operate carefully, do not do anything unrelated to your work, and park your car when you leave.
(2) The processing shall be carried out in accordance with the technical regulations, and shall not arbitrarily increase the amount of feed and cutting speed, and shall not use equipment that exceeds the specification, overload, or weight.
(3) The tools and workpieces should be clamped correctly and firmly, and the equipment should not be damaged during loading and unloading.
(4) It is not allowed to install the taper hole on the main shaft of the equipment, and install the thimble, tool sleeve, etc. that do not match its taper or hole diameter, and that the surface is notched and unclean.
(5) The first piece to be processed shall be checked for movement and check for preventing tool interference, and shall be carried out in the order of “dry operation”.
(6) Keeping tools should be replaced in time.
(7) Do not disassemble the safety guards on the machine without authorization, and equipment without safety guards is not allowed to work.
(8) When driving, no tools or other irrelevant objects should be placed on the workbench, and the operator should be careful not to make the tool collide with the workbench.
(9) Always remove iron powder and oil stains on the equipment, and keep the guide rail surface, sliding surface, rotating surface and positioning reference surface clean.
(10) Pay close attention to the operation and lubrication of the equipment. If abnormal phenomena such as malfunction, vibration, heat, crawling, noise, peculiar smell, bumps, etc. are found, stop the machine immediately for inspection. Can continue to work.
(11) Press the emergency stop button immediately in the event of an accident, keep the accident scene, and report to the maintenance department for analysis and processing.
(12) When loading and unloading and measuring the workpiece, move the tool to a safe position, and the spindle stops; it is necessary to confirm that the workpiece is processed in a clamped state.
(13) When using rapid feed, attention should be paid to the working surface to avoid accidents.
(14) When loading and unloading heavy parts such as large pieces and other heavy parts need to be carried by multiple people, the movements should be coordinated and safety should be paid attention to to avoid accidents.
(15) When operating the machine tool in manual mode, it is necessary to prevent the spindle and tool from colliding with the equipment or fixture. When operating the device computer, only one person is allowed to operate, and others are not allowed to touch the keys.
(16) When an emergency occurs during automatic processing, immediately press the reset or emergency stop button. When an alarm number appears on the display, the cause of the alarm should be found out first, and corresponding measures should be taken to cancel the alarm before proceeding.
(17) The protective door of the machine tool must be closed before the equipment is started, and the protective door must not be opened at will when the machining center is started.
4. After work
(1) Pull the mechanically operated valve, switch, etc. to the non-working position.
(2) Stop the operation of the equipment and cut off the power and gas source.
(3) Remove iron filings, clean the work site, and carefully clean the machine tool of the machining center, the guide rail surface, the rotating and sliding surface, the positioning reference surface, the work surface, etc. for oil and maintenance. It is strictly forbidden to use dirty cotton yarn with sawdust to wipe the machine tool, so as not to strain the guide rail surface of the machine tool.
(4) Seriously fill in the problems found in the class in the shift handover record book, and do a good job of handover.
