1. In traumatic hemostasis, if the capillaries are ruptured and the blood flows out like drops of water intermittently, it will naturally coagulate to stop the bleeding soon, as long as it is not polluted. If the venous blood vessel ruptures, the blood flows out slowly and turns purple; if the arterial blood vessel ruptures, the blood spurts out sharply and turns bright red, and it will be life-threatening if not treated in time. When encountering such an accident, taking appropriate first aid measures in time before getting medical treatment can generally improve the condition, relieve the suffering of the patient, prevent concurrent infections, and even save lives. The methods of hemostasis can be based on the situation and conditions, and the following methods can be adopted:
(1), general hemostasis method. Bleeding from small wounds. Rinse the local area with normal saline, apply anti-inflammatory drugs, and bandage the area with sterile gauze (or direct bandage with a bandage).
(2), Shiatsu hemostasis method. Press the bleeding area with your thumb to stop the blood flow. The compression time should not be too long.
(3), add pad and bandage to stop bleeding. This method is to make a soft pad with gauze, cotton, etc., put it on the wound, and add a bandage to increase the pressure and achieve the purpose of hemostasis.
(4), use the tourniquet method. A tourniquet is a specially made tourniquet. Temporarily wrap the band tightly around the limb to force the blood vessels and interrupt the intensity of the blood flow. The patient will feel pain with this method, and if too long, the limb will be in danger of necrosis. Therefore, this method can only be used when the large blood vessels are ruptured and bleeding, and other methods are ineffective. When wrapping the tourniquet tightly, put some gauze, hand towel, etc. on it to avoid strangling the skin. Relax every 1 hour, not too long.
In addition, elevating the bleeding site can lower blood pressure at the bleeding site and help stop the bleeding. But not too long to avoid skin necrosis.
2. Food poisoning is mainly caused by eating food containing bacterial toxins and toxic substances. The onset is rapid, and the patient has symptoms such as headache, fever, gastrointestinal stuffiness, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Treatment method: If the attack is ferocious, immediately send it to the hospital for treatment. Temporary first aid, let the patient rest in bed, pour more cold water, soapy water or warm salt water, and try to make him vomit. Abdominal pain can be hot compress, pay attention to keep warm, do not let the patient fall asleep
. Such as severe vomiting and diarrhea, can take chloramphenicol and other drugs.
3. Shock treatment The so-called shock refers to that the patient’s effective circulating blood volume is insufficient, resulting in poor tissue and organ microcirculation system, confusion, general weakness, cold sweat on the forehead, decreased body temperature, complexion in a short period of time Pale, cold limbs, dilated pupils, weak pulse, shallow breathing, incontinence, loss of consciousness and a series of symptoms of systemic circulatory failure. If not treated in time, it is life-threatening. The causes of shock vary and should be dealt with on a case-by-case basis. The general treatment methods are as follows:
(1) If the bleeding is caused, try to stop the bleeding quickly.
(2) If extreme pain is caused by nerve stimulation, try to relieve pain or give pain relievers to reduce pain.
(3) If shock is caused by cold, attention should be paid to keeping warm. The patient should be allowed to rest quietly, move as little as possible, and avoid making noises.
(4) It is very helpful for patients who are in shock due to the impact of nerves to sleep peacefully for some time. You should generally sleep with your head down and your feet up. The feet can be about 30 cm higher than the head to avoid anemia.
In addition, according to the situation, the patients should be given spiritual comfort, drink some hot tea, smell aromatic ammonia, or inject cardiac acupuncture, and perform artificial respiration for rescue.
(5), cerebral anemia shock. Dizziness, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, cold sweat, pale complexion and sudden fainting due to physical weakness, mental stress, over-fatigue, hunger, fear, etc.
Treatment: Quickly put the patient to sleep with the head down and the head turned to one side to prevent the tongue from blocking breathing. Put a hot towel on your head, smell the aromatic ammonia, and take a cardiac injection if necessary.
(6), cerebral hemorrhage shock. The complexion is flushed, the corners of the mouth are salivating, the breathing is snoring, and sometimes the pupils of both eyes are different in size, and suddenly faint. Treatment method: This situation is more serious. Quickly put the patient to sleep with the head up and down, do not turn the patient, pay attention to keeping warm, turn the head to one side, apply a cold towel on the head, soak the feet in hot water if possible, and immediately find the solution. doctor treatment. Be careful not to use stimulant drugs.
(7), heat stroke shock. Fatigue, headache, dizziness, shortness of breath, and sudden fainting are common first. If not dealt with in time, further increased body temperature, limb cramps, vomiting, and weak pulse may occur, which are life-threatening.
Treatment method: For mild cases, move the patient to a cool place, undress, drink cool salt water, apply cold compress to the head with a towel and scrub the body to recover. When there is high fever, use physical cooling, bathe with cold water, and inject 25-50 mg of chlorpromazine intramuscularly, or take ten drops of water at the same time. When in a coma, use ammonia water to smell the patient, or apply artificial respiration to wake them up.
(8) Shock in patients with heart disease. Usually manifested as fatigue, chest tightness, difficulty breathing, dizziness, sudden fainting and so on. Treatment method: Don’t rush to the hospital for the time being, but let the patient lean or lean on a soft seat or bed. Take the first aid medicine in the health care box, such as: Su Bing Drop, Suxiao Jiuxin Pill or Su Box Pill, Yixin Pill, etc. in the mouth, and let it rest. At the same time, immediately ask the doctor at the emergency station to come to see and treat.