Riding a long distance ride requires not only a strong physique, but also some basic common sense.
If you want to ride a long distance, the performance of your horse – the bicycle, as the only means of transportation, is very important. Before departure, a comprehensive and thorough inspection of all parts of the machine should be carried out, and the commonly used repair tools such as hammers, screwdrivers, air cylinders, wrenches, pliers, etc., as well as spare parts balls, inner tubes, brake pads, car bars, valve cores, etc. should be carried. At the end of each day, the car should be carefully inspected to find problems and solve them in time.
Generally speaking, the best angle is a lower seat and a 5-10-degree backward inclination. The amount of exercise should be arranged reasonably, and a certain speed should be maintained. Take a break every one to two hours, don’t stop when you want to. When driving under special road conditions, it is particularly important to grasp the speed of the vehicle. When the road encounters shallow rivers, puddles, and gravel, don??t habitually slow down, and it is easier to pass at a fast speed; when driving on a muddy road, you may as well remove the front and rear fenders to prevent mud from blocking the gap between the fenders and the wheels. ; When going downhill, both the front and rear brakes must be pinched; in summer, if you encounter a road with melted asphalt, you must avoid it.
When camping on the way, the camp should choose a dry and leeward ground, and there should be a water source nearby; it is a good way to spend the night in a village.
Cycling travel has stricter requirements on clothing, especially trousers, and it is better to be lenient. In summer, the vest and pants are empty, with low resistance and good ventilation. Sun hats and sunglasses, rain gear, bedding, commonly used medicines, lighting equipment, traffic topographic maps, etc. are all necessary items. Now there is a professional bicycle bag that is easy to use. Ordinary backpacks must try to be fastened. When camping, put things in a blind spot that can be covered by your body to prevent loss
Common disease protection and first aid
Peking University Cycling Association
I. Heatstroke
Causes: The human body is exposed to high temperature and direct sunlight, which makes the body temperature regulation function abnormal and causes difficulty in perspiration. Body temperature rose sharply. If exposed to high temperature for a long time, it can cause hyperemia of meninges and affect the central nervous system and lose its body temperature regulation.
Symptoms: Feeling hot and uncomfortable, with a high body temperature (often over forty degrees). The skin is flushed but dry without sweating, followed by confusion, dizziness and weakness, nausea and vomiting, low blood pressure, fast and weak pulse, and finally coma.
Processing:
1. Quickly move to a cool and ventilated place and lower your head.
2. Unload, loosen clothes, and shower with cold water.
3. Supplement water containing sugar and salt (orally when conscious, and drip when not conscious)
4. Physiotherapy: Rub the zhong and temple with alcohol cotton.
5. Drug treatment: take Rendan, Huoxiangzhengqi water, a drop of water, etc.
Prevention:
1. Apply air essence, cooling oil, etc. to the temples.
2. Sufficient water is added in a timely manner.
3. Wear heat-dissipating clothing.
Second. Sunburn
Causes: Long-term exposure to high temperature and direct sunlight causes skin lesions.
Symptoms: Redness and pain or small bumps and blisters on the skin from the sun.
Processing:
1. Apply a cold towel to the affected area until the pain subsides.
2. Apply sunscreen oil to the skin without trauma.
3. When the blisters appear, don’t pick them, and use a cold towel to cool them.
Prevention:
1. Avoid strong sun exposure as much as possible.
2. Lather on sunscreen half an hour before sun exposure.
Three. Leg cramps
Causes: The muscle cells suffer from hypoxia and pain caused by calcium deficiency and fatigue.
Treatment: Sit with your feet straight, repeatedly pinch your big toes back and massage your calf muscles.
Prevention:
1. Timely calcium supplementation.
2. Avoid catching a cold.
3. Take breaks.
Four. Nosebleeds
Causes:
1. Hemorrhage of nasal mucosa due to thermal stimulation
2. Nasal mucosal hemorrhage after head impact
Symptoms: Bleeding or watery fluid from the nasal cavity (watery fluid flow after impact should be taken seriously)
Processing:
1. Sit down immediately, head slightly lower, hold your nose with your hands, and breathe through your mouth for about 5 minutes.
2. If the bleeding still does not stop, you can insert a clean gauze into the nasal cavity and pinch the nose. If there is no gauze, you can also use a napkin or cotton ball instead.
3. Physiotherapy, use a cold towel and alcohol cotton to cool the root of the nose.
Prevention:Pay attention to cooling down in the heat of summer
Note:
1. Nosebleeds caused by trauma and then ear bleeding should be sent to hospital in time
2. Trauma may cause a watery fluid from the nose. This is cerebrospinal fluid. It is almost transparent, a watery liquid mixed with a small amount of bloodshot, and has no peculiar smell. It should be allowed to flow out and rushed to the hospital. Blocking the nasal cavity can lead to bacterial infection in the brain.
5. Blisters
Causes: Formed by exudation of bodily fluids from abrasion, stress, burns, frostbite, etc.
Processing:
1. Wash off with soap after foaming (not broken).
2. Sterilize needles such as pins by scalding and puncture the blisters.
3. Use a clean gauze to gently squeeze out the fluid in the bubble and dry it, and finally apply the wound care cream.
4. When the bubble has been worn, it should be sterilized before handling.
Six. Trauma (bruises, stab wounds)
Initial diagnosis: Observe the wound area of bruises or the depth of stabbing wounds and the amount of bleeding.
Treatment:
Scratches:
1. When the wound area is not too large and there is no active bleeding, topical medicines can be applied or the wound around the wound can be rinsed with water.
2. When the wound area is large but there is no active bleeding, a clean gauze can be added to wrap it after cleaning.
3. When active bleeding occurs, first use the bleeding to bring the dirt out of the wound. Then cover the wound with clean gauze and put your hand on the gauze to stop the bleeding.
Stab wounds:
1. When the foreign body pierced into the body is small and shallow, the foreign body can be taken out first and then the wound can be squeezed hard to bring the blood and dirt in the wound out of the body. Then the treatment method is the same as scratching.
2. When the foreign body pierced into the body is large and deep, do not remove the foreign body easily and do not clean the wound without permission to avoid heavy bleeding. Treat by medical personnel as soon as possible after a simple dressing.
Note:
1. Keep the wound dry and ventilated to avoid infection. (Tetanus is an anaerobic bacteria, deeper wounds are more dangerous, and it is extremely important to keep the wound ventilated)
2. Please report as soon as possible to prevent tetanus in the event of large abrasions and stab wounds.
3. Disinfect the wound as soon as possible, and if it is not disinfected for 6 hours, the possibility of infection is very high.
Seven. Fall
Initial diagnosis:
1. Judge whether the head and face->shoulders, back, waist, tail cone->extremities are injured.
2. If I am injured by minor activities, judge whether it is severe pain or not. If severe pain occurs, lie down and rest, and do not rush to move.
3. When inactive, judge whether there is pain. If the pain is still there, the injury should be immobilized as soon as possible to prevent the fracture from being dislocated.
Processing:
1. If you suspect a fracture, do not exercise and contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible.
2. If swelling and congestion occur, cold compresses can be used to relieve pain.
3. The rest of the trauma treatment methods are the same as above.
Eight. Sprain
Cause: An injury that occurs due to excessive joint movement beyond the normal range of motion, which causes the surrounding fascia and muscles to be pulled by force.
Symptoms: Joint swelling, severe pain, limited movement, subcutaneous congestion of the joint, inability to move or scoliosis.
Processing:
1. Stop activities (at least reduce strain), especially ankle and knee sprains.
2. Pad the affected area with gauze, towel, etc., and use an ice pack for cold compresses.
3. It can be treated with drugs that relax tendons and activate blood, but do not perform massage and massage.
4. Elevate the affected area when resting.
Nine. Foreign body in the eye
Treatment:
1. Lift your eyelids with clean hands. If you see a foreign body sticking to the conjunctiva, you can use a cotton ball dipped in water to remove the foreign body.
2. If you can’t see the foreign body, you can further press the opened eyelid with a cotton swab, hold the eyelashes with your hand and pull up to find out whether there is a foreign body inside the eyelid.
3. The eyeball is slightly downward to easily detect foreign objects.
4. Although there is no foreign body found, there is always a feeling of foreign body presence, which may be pierced into the cornea. Can be protected with gauze and go to the hospital for treatment.
Note: The eyeball is a delicate organ, do not rub it with dirty hands. If you have any questions, contact your medical staff as soon as possible.
10. Bites
Causes: Bites by toxin-laden animals. Because the bacteria or toxins contained in the animal’s mouth may cause infection and poisoning.
Symptoms: Swelling, pain, even headache, nausea.
Processing:
1. If you are bitten by snakes or scorpions, you must first determine whether the wound is poisonous.
2. If you are bitten by mosquitoes, bees, etc., you can apply wind oil and so on. (Drugs cannot be mixed)
3. If you are bitten by a cat or dog, you must report it in time.
Note: It is strictly forbidden to invite cats and dogs, or approach dangerous animals. Watch out for mosquito bites.
Key points for handling accidents in field activities
In the event of an accident, it is necessary to make a calm judgment and take prompt measures. Emergency rescue should be organized immediately. Prepare medicines, splints, bandages, etc. before departure, and consider the method of emergency contact in advance.
Ten rules to ensure the safety of field activities
1. Learn how to deal with emergencies.
2. Pay attention to the weather forecast.
3. Add clothes at the right time.
4. Avoid getting too tired.
5. Eat as regularly as possible and pay attention to dietary hygiene.
6. Get enough sleep
, pay attention to temperature, posture, etc.
7. Defecation is best done after breakfast.
8. Pay attention to personal hygiene. If you cannot take a bath, you should also wipe and change your clothes.
9. Maintain collective fraternity, exchange information and help each other.
10. Once an accident occurs, deal with it decisively, and do not complain about each other and delay the rescue opportunity.
Three points for grasping physical condition
1. Before departure, everyone should introduce their health status, such as pulse, body temperature, etc., and set off after verification.
2. Pay attention to your face and expression. If your face is bad, your eyes are bloodshot, or you have too many hiccups, you should report it to the leader immediately.
3. Be aware of mental changes such as being too dull and too excited.
Six ways to avoid danger
1. Do not go out alone at night.
2. Stay away from cliffs, rivers, and craters.
3. Don’t play too long on unfamiliar hills. When the weather changes suddenly, you should find a safe place to hide.
4. When the body is not good, don’t push hard on the road, you should take a short rest.
5. When you get lost, you should judge calmly, and don’t panic and run around.
6. Be prepared for emergency contact, etc.
Measures of Danger
Pulse over 120 beats per minute; respiration over 20 beats per minute (adults); loss of more than one-third of human blood.