The number of cars in our daily life is getting higher and higher, and it is basically an era when everyone has a car to drive. There will always be one or another problems with the car after a long time, many of which can be eliminated manually, or can be prevented by correct operation specifications. Drivers should understand the common faults of the car and how to deal with them, so as not to know anything when they encounter a problem. This article will introduce you to the common faults of the car and the emergency treatment methods when encountering a fault.
Engine failure The engine failure light is illuminated with a yellow symbol, indicating that the engine has a failure, but the failure does not affect the normal operation of the engine, but it must be inspected and repaired. The red symbol light indicates that the engine has a serious failure. Under normal circumstances, it needs to be repaired immediately. If it is in special road conditions, it can be driven in an emergency. The flashing of the engine fault light may be caused by the poor combustion state of the engine, engine knocking, poor fuel quality, unclean engine cylinders, and deposited carbon deposits. Reasons and solutions for common engine failuresEngine shakes when cold
Causes: ①There is too much carbon in the engine; ②It is caused by faults such as spark plugs and ignition coils.
Treatment: Removal of carbon deposits in the cylinder or replacement of parts can be resolved.
Engine hot car shake
Cause: It is caused by abnormal fuel system, ignition system, air intake system and engine mechanical system.
Treatment: Check the spark plug, ignition coil, fuel injector and oil circuit, check whether the exhaust gas is blocked, whether the fuel label matches, remove the carbon deposit on the engine, check whether the carbon deposit on the throttle valve, Whether the engine rubber block is firm, etc.
Engine oil leakage
Causes: Most of them are caused by the aging of sealing gaskets. Common oil leakage parts include aging and damage of oil pan gaskets, loose screws, oil leakage, and oil drain screws. Loose oil leakage, missing gaskets, damage to turnbuckles, aging oil leakage of timing gear cover gaskets, etc.
Treatment: Replace the gasket, oil pan gasket, valve cover gasket, front and rear crankshaft oil seals, camshaft oil seals, etc.
Engine water temperature is high
Causes: Coolant leakage or insufficient, cooling fan failure, circulating water pump failure, thermostat failure, poor heat dissipation of the water tank, etc.
Treatment: mai goo I think the first thing to do is to check whether the water temperature gauge is out of order. If it is inaccurate or out of order, it should be replaced; then check if the water tank is short of water, and if the water inlet pipe and radiator are broken Leakage, the leaking part of the radiator can be repaired by soldering.
View more common faults in the drive train Clutch fault Clutch slip
Performance: Insufficient power and weak climbing.
Cause of failure: Insufficient friction torque.
Treatment method: Repair or replace the friction plate, diaphragm spring release bearing, pressure plate, flywheel and other parts. Replenish lubricant.
Clutch rattles
Performance: Clutch rattles during clutch engagement, disengagement, and revs.
Cause of failure: Improper adjustment, poor lubrication, abnormal friction or collision of parts.
Treatment method: Replace clutch plate, pressure plate spring and other parts, adjust the release bearing, and add lubricant.
Can’t step on it
Performance: The clutch can’t be stepped on, or it can be stepped on very hard.
Cause of failure: The clutch cable is stuck, the release bearing is damaged, and the clutch master cylinder and sub-pump are faulty.
Treatment method: Lengthen the clutch cable properly, or replace the clutch pressure plate, clutch pressure plate, release bearing and other parts.
Automatic Transmission Failure Skip
Performance: The shift lever automatically jumps back to neutral while driving, interrupting power transmission.
Cause of failure: The moving parts are excessively worn or deformed, resulting in incorrect engagement, self-locking out of control, the gear position cannot be fixed, and gear skipping occurs.
Handling method: Repair or replace the shift fork shaft, gear, synchronizer, bearing and shaft, etc., and tighten the transmission fixing bolts.
Difficulty shifting
Performance: Difficulty getting into gear when shifting.
Cause of failure: The wear, deformation and poor lubrication of the moving parts of the speed change control mechanism cause shifting resistance and cannot slide freely.
Solution: Replace the oil in the variable tank or replace the related worn parts.
Abnormal noise
Performance: There is a clicking noise when shifting the automatic.
Causes of failure: Poor lubrication, wear and tear on the gearbox, loose drive shaft, wear on the differential, wear on the output shaft inside the gearbox, wear on the gearbox gear, shift mechanism malfunction, etc.
Treatment method: Add gearbox oil, check clutch clearance, free stroke and other parameters, replace gears, synchronizers, and replace new bearings and thrust washers.
Transmission shaft failure vibration
Performance: When the vehicle is running, it is obvious that the periodic strong vibration of the drive train is transmitted to the body.
Cause of failure: It is mostly caused by the destruction of the dynamic balance of the drive shaft.
Treatment method: Reassemble the assembly direction of the universal joint fork; repair or replace the drive shaft; repair, do dynamic balance or replace the loose parts.
Abnormal noise
Performance: When the car is driving, it is obvious to hear abnormal noise from the propeller shaft, especially when shifting gears. The sound decreases or disappears when the vehicle speed is stable.
Cause of failure: According to our understanding, it may be caused by loose connection or poor assembly or lubrication.
Treatment: Replace the excessively worn telescopic splines; replace the cross shaft or bearing of the universal joint bearing; re-tighten the loose parts. Replace worn fittings.
Abnormal noise and heating of the drive axle failure
Performance: The sound of the drive axle is significantly higher than the usual sound or whistling sound, and the temperature exceeds 70℃.
Cause of failure: Improper assembly adjustment, loose or too tight, excessive wear of gears and bearings, deformation of the main reducer or poor lubrication.
Treatment method: Re-tighten loose parts, replace worn and deformed parts, and add lubricating oil.
Oil leakage
Cause of failure: It is caused by damaged or improper installation of casing, joint surface, oil seal, gasket, loose fastening screws, blocked air holes or oil plugs not tightened .
Treatment method: Re-tighten loose parts, replace worn and deformed parts, and add lubricating oil.
Differential faults may cause abnormal sound of the vehicle in mild cases, or inability to drive in severe cases. The reasons for the failure are gear damage, excessive gear meshing clearance, lack of lubricating oil, damage to the differential bearing, etc. Treatment method Replace damaged parts and add lubricating oil. The failure of the main reducer indicates that there is an abnormal noise during driving. Causes of failure: The teeth of the active and passive gears are broken and broken; the gap between the active and passive gears is improper; the meshing marks of the active and passive gears are incorrect; the bearings at both ends of the differential case are loose; the planetary gears are poorly meshed. Treatment method Adjust the active and passive tooth clearance; replace the active and passive gears, and replace the gear oil; adjust the imprint of the passive gear; adjust or replace the differential bearing; replace the planetary gear. View more common faults of steering system Steering wheel fault Steering wheel shaking
Performance: The steering wheel shakes abnormally during startup and driving.
Cause: The fall end of the tie rod is loose, the balance of the directional transmission device is damaged, the tire or wheel hub is deformed, and the fixing frame for adjusting the front and rear of the steering wheel is loose.
Treatment method: The problem can be solved by wheel dynamic balance, four-wheel alignment, or replace the new brake disc and suspension connector.
Steering is heavy and laborious
Performance: Turning the steering wheel when turning a moving car feels heavy and laborious.
Reason: The rolling bearings of various parts of the steering system are too tight, and the bearing friction is too large. In addition, underinflated front tires can also lead to heavy and laborious steering.
Treatment method: Replace steering oil or add steering oil; replace damaged bearings in time; check tire pressure, and replace or repair tires in time if there is any problem.
Steering deviation
Causes: Uneven tire pressure; different tire treads on both sides or different tread depths; steering system will also affect the straight-line driving of the car; front shock absorber springs Deformation; inconsistent buffers on both sides; ineffective front shocks; and brakes not returning well and fully disengaging on one wheel.
Treatment method: Under normal air pressure, first check whether the tire wear is even, and then check whether the lower arm, ball head, ball cage and other parts are normal. If they are normal, you can only do four wheel alignment first, and then adjust accordingly.
Unable to start
Reason: The vehicle is off; the steering wheel anti-theft function is triggered; the steering wheel booster fails; the booster pump fails.
Treatment method: Restart the vehicle with the key; suck up the old oil and then inject the new direction oil; the booster pump can be repaired by grinding, such as If it can’t be repaired, just replace the booster pump; if the steering wheel does not move due to the oil pressure of the steering engine, you need to go to a professional manufacturer for repair.
Steering column failure indicates that the vehicle has problems such as deviation in the straight road direction, the steering wheel is getting heavier and heavier, the random travel arrangement is increased, the steering is too much or not enough, the steering vibrates, and the steering is abnormal. The damaged steering column can be repaired. If the steering column is broken, it will affect the driving safety of the vehicle. The editor of MAI goo suggests that it should be checked and repaired immediately and replaced if necessary. Steering shaft faults indicate that turning the steering wheel is very loose or very heavy and laborious, the direction of the vehicle is unstable when driving, the vehicle deviates, the free travel of the steering wheel becomes larger, and the steering wheel becomes difficult to return. There will also be abnormal noises, and even feel the steering wheel vibrate, and the tire noise will increase significantly when driving. The reason is that the torque converter or ATF oil pump is not working well; the oil (high pressure) hose is rubbing against other parts; the tie rod or ball stud of the steering shaft universal joint is loose. Treatment method Re-fix the oil outlet hose; Tighten loose fasteners or replace bad parts; Replace the steering shaft assembly. View more common faults of the brake system Brake pedal fault Brake failure
Significance:The car cannot slow down or stop; the brake suddenly does not work.
Cause of failure: It may be oil or air leakage in the brake pipeline, cracked or detached pipeline joints, failure of brake sealing elements, etc.
Treatment: Check and repair the connection between the brake pedal and the brake master cylinder; check whether the brake hose or metal pipe is broken and leaking oil; replace the severely worn brake Master cylinder leather bowl.
No return
Performance: After stepping on the brake pedal, the pedal does not rise. Even if the brake pedal is not stepped on, it still clearly feels the resistance of the car.
Cause of failure: The parts of the air brake master cylinder and wheel cylinder are damaged, or there is rust inside the brake wheel cylinder.
Treatment method: Clean up the rust and impurities on the piston and piston cylinder; replace with a new brake cylinder.
Footbrake trembling
Cause of failure: The brake disc is eccentrically worn; the aging of the engine foot pad; the unevenness of the brake disc, joint plane, axle head plane, etc.
Treatment method: Smooth the rust of the brake disc, replace it with a new one, and replace the deformed parts.
Brake drag
Performance: After the brake is released, the car is still slowing down, and the brake pads are overheating or even burning.
Causes of failure: The brake pedal has no free travel, the brake pedal return spring is broken or lost, the brake master cylinder is faulty, the brake cylinder is corroded or stuck, the brake The oil is too dirty, etc.
Treatment method: The rusted parts of the brake transmission parts are decomposed, derusted and lubricated, and the brake drag failure can generally be eliminated.
The failure of the vacuum booster indicates poor braking performance or no braking effect; the brake pedal returns slowly or does not return; when braking, the direction deviates or shakes; the brake pedal feels soft when pressed. Causes of failure: The vacuum booster pipe joint is loose or the vacuum hose is leaking; the check valve is damaged; the interior is stuck; the vacuum booster diaphragm is leaking. Treatment method Replace the battery circuit and controller; vacuum pump motor or electronic delay module; replace the vacuum pump sealing ring. Brake drum failure means brake failure; when braking, the brake drum makes an abnormal noise; when the brake is stepped on, the card does not return; the brake drum is hot. The brake drum is cracked due to quality problems; the wear and deformation caused by the friction of the brake drum and the brake pads. Treatment method Disassemble the brake drum, clean the shoes and the brake drum. If the brake drum is found to be cracked during the cleaning inspection, it should be resolutely replaced. The failure of the brake master cylinder indicates that there is oil leakage at the connection between the master cylinder and the vacuum booster or the limit screw, the brake is bad or fails after the brake pedal is pressed to the bottom, the brake pedal feels soft, the brake deviates after the brake, and the brake suddenly fails. , The brake pedal does not return or returns slowly. The reason for the failure is that the oil is too dirty, which makes the oil pump easy to damage; frequent lack of oil or dry grinding will cause the leather cup to wear. Frequent use of the brakes can also be detrimental to the brakes. Treatment method Disassemble and clean, check whether the closing valve is damaged, and add some butter in good condition to install. If the damage is serious, replace it directly. The failure of the brake cylinder indicates that there is oil leakage at the connection between the cylinder and the oil pipe, and the brake pedal will feel soft; the brake will not return. Most of the damage to the sub-pump is due to quality problems; the oil is too dirty and the oil pump is easily damaged; the brake disc is not replaced in time. Treatment method Use diesel oil to scrub the stains in the brake cylinder, and use sandpaper to polish the rust on the brake pump. Seriously damaged brake cylinders should be replaced directly. View more common faults in running systems Tire/Wheel fault manifestations: The depth of the tire tread pattern is close to the wear mark; the tire bulges and blistering; the tire vibrates and shakes; The cause of the failure is that the air pressure is too high or too low; the tires are scratched; the tires are too exposed to the sun; the tire pressure belt is sharp and hard foreign objects; driving through uneven roads. Treatment method Go to the service station in time, have the professional inspected, and replace the tire if necessary. Axle failure indicates abnormal noise or rhythmic “knocking” sound during driving. The reason for the failure is that the gear is broken or the connecting bolt is broken, etc.; the main and the teeth are worn; the gear gap is worn too much. The treatment method should be stopped and contacted for rescue inspection, and the relevant damaged parts should be replaced; the main teeth and the teeth should be replaced; the excessively worn parts should be replaced through maintenance. Suspension failure manifests as heavy steering or poor steering wheel return; excessive body roll caused by the suspension; front wheel swing or deviation of the suspension; noise from the suspension universal joint drive shaft; abnormal suspension noise. Causes of failure Improper wheel alignment or abnormal tire pressure; damaged shock absorbers, weakened elastic force of the stabilizer bar or damaged connecting rods; deformation of the drive shaft, serious wear of the universal joints; damage to the shock absorbers; wear of the front and rear rubber bushings of the lower swing arm; The bolts are loose. Treatment method Perform four-wheel alignment or inflate the tires to normal air pressure, lubricate or replace the suspension control arm ball joints. Check and replace shock absorbers, replace stabilizer bars or connecting rods, replace lateral control rods or lower suspension control arms, replace universal joints, replace drive shafts, and tighten loose bolts. Frame failure means that the body shakes and vibrates abnormally. Damage caused by vehicle vibration, corrosion caused by chemical action. Improper use of the vehicle, fast driving or overloading on rough roads. Damage caused by accident. Treatment method The cracks are long and appear in important stress-bearing parts, and they should be repaired after welding to increase their strength. The frame has serious bending and twisting and skewing. The longitudinal and cross beams should be disassembled and corrected respectively, and then riveted. View more common faults in the body, door faults, abnormal sound when opening the door The plate is not fixed firmly or the fixing clips fall off; the door pull belt is abnormally worn or insufficiently lubricated.
Treatment method: Add some lubricating oil regularly at the hinge; clean the grease and dirt on the surface of the stop arm, stop pin shaft and connecting bracket, and then apply an appropriate amount on the upper and lower surfaces of the arm Grease; if the buckle is worn, wrap some tape on the door buckle; maintain the door seal regularly.
Difficulty opening the door
Cause of failure: The hinge or stopper of the door is rusted and stuck, or it may be the door lock column is not correct.
Treatment method: Apply grease to the door lock column regularly; loosen the two screws on the lock column, straighten the lock column and fix it.
Window failure
Cause of failure: The glass mud tank has been deformed or damaged; the glass regulator is damaged or the fixing screws are loose. The ground wire of the combination switch is disconnected, the main power supply is broken and disconnected, the contact of the window relay is in poor contact, damaged or the coil is damaged, the safety switch is in poor contact or not connected, etc.
Treatment method: Clean the foreign objects in the guide rail slot; replace the glass mud slot, and go to a professional repair shop to repair the damaged glass lifter. Check whether the power and ground wires are disconnected, and check the window relays, etc.
Abnormal noise
Cause of failure: The wire rope in the reel has changed jobs, the transmission wire clip in the sliding bracket rotates, the motor cover or the fixed frame rubs against the glass, and the mechanical Too many foreign bodies in the system, etc.
Treatment method: Adjust related parts, trim and clean up foreign objects.
Sunroof leaking
Cause of failure: The sunroof may not be closed properly; the weatherstrip on the edge of the sunroof is deteriorating; the sunroof drain is damaged or blocked.
Treatment method: Choose a suitable sealing strip for replacement according to your car model; adjust the drain joint or dredge the drain pipe; the owner regularly cleans the dust in the sunroof slide rails and gaps.
Causes of wiper failure Faulty wiper blades are worn and aged; the wiper rod structure is damaged; the contact surface between the wiper blade and the glass is dirty; the brushes are in poor contact; the wiper motor is poorly lubricated. Treatment method Replace the wiper blade or wiper rod with a new one, and replace the motor. The fault of the rearview mirror is caused by the fuse device or the power circuit, the grounding circuit is open, and the contact is poor, or the control switch may be faulty. The treatment method is to first check whether the circuit is normal, and then check whether the working condition of the motor has the problem of wear and damage. If such a situation occurs, replace the parts in time.
Electrical system common faults Car power system faults Battery self-discharge gradually decreases.
Failure reasons: The electrolyte is impure, the electrolyte is accumulated, the battery is stored for a long time, the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are short-circuited, etc.
Treatment method: Pour out the electrolyte, rinse the electrode plate and separator with distilled water, reassemble, replace with new electrolyte and recharge; if the battery is short of water, add an appropriate amount of distilled water, Then charge it with the charger.
The battery electrolyte is consumed too fast
Failure reasons: The battery case is ruptured; the battery is overcharged or the charging current is too large; the battery plates are vulcanized or short-circuited.
Solution: Repair or replace the battery compartment, ask professionals to check the voltage regulator, make adjustments, and replace the regulator if necessary. Repair or replace the battery if necessary.
Lighting system failure failure causes bulb, dimmer damage, fuse blown, light switch or relay damage and line open circuit or short circuit, etc. Treatment method Replace damaged bulbs, dimmers, fuses, relays and other parts.
instrument system failure
failure cause
instrument panel lighting is damaged; the instrument panel power supply wire is open circuit; the instrument panel power supply fuse is blown.
Solution First check whether the fuse is broken, after the sensor and battery circuit problems are eliminated, check the light bulb, and finally check the car wiring.
Reversing image failure
Failure reasons Camera damage, display screen damage, poor wire contact, etc.
Solution Replace the damaged parts and replace the new camera or screen; check the reversing image segment by segment to find the line to see if the line or line connector is normal.
Vehicle Radar Malfunction
Malfunction Reason Dust on sensor; sensor covered; vehicle tilted significantly; bumper or sensor subjected to strong impact.
SOLUTION Clean the sensor; park the vehicle as level as possible on the road surface; repair or replace the sensor; do not rinse the sensor with water or steam.
A/C failure
failure cause No refrigerant fluid; A/C filter element and condenser are clogged; A/C compressor drive belt is loose.
Treatment Add air-conditioning refrigerant; check the pipes in the car air-conditioning system and whether the parts of the air-conditioning pump are damaged; use a high-pressure water gun to clean the heat sink of the condenser, and then use a high-pressure air gun to blow Just dry.
