The principle of outdoor activities is “safety first”, but in the outdoors, there are many unpredictable factors. No outdoor person dares to call it absolutely safe. All they can do is to do everything they can to keep themselves away from danger. So the only way to avoid danger: Don’t be in the wrong place at the wrong time and under the wrong conditions.
1. Dangers from nature:
1. Mountain torrents: From the past few years, it has occurred in the south From the perspective of outdoor accidents, most of them are related to flash floods, which can be regarded as the number one killer of outdoor people in the south.
High incidence time: rainy season or sudden heavy rain
High incidence location: river valley, valley
Hazard avoidance method:
a) Avoid entering river valleys or valleys in the rainy season, especially when it rains heavily;
b) Learn to observe the cumulonimbus cloud belt
in the mountains. It means that there may be heavy rain upstream, so be careful and choose to give up if necessary;
c) After the rainy season, don’t think that there will be no flash floods, because if there is a reservoir upstream, it may be caused by the In the rainy season, the water storage is too large and the flood is artificially discharged; or when there is a natural flat dam upstream, it may collapse due to the natural cofferdam being soaked by rainwater; While walking, pay attention to find a channel that can leave the river valley in the shortest time. On the other hand, you should always pay attention to the changes of water level and water color. If the water level suddenly rises in a short time, dead branches and leaves suddenly drift down upstream, and the water quality suddenly becomes turbid. , there may be flash floods in the upper reaches, and should be withdrawn from the valley immediately;
2. Debris flow: This is a more terrible natural disaster than flash floods, fortunately in the mountains around Guangdong The vegetation is rich, and mudslides are relatively rare, but in the event of an unfortunate encounter with it, the chance of escaping is pitiful.
High-incidence time: rainstorm season
High-incidence location: soil valley or valley with soft mountains and sparse vegetation
Hazard avoidance method:
Avoid entering the place where the mountain is soft and sparsely vegetated during the rainstorm. If you happen to walk into the mountain and encounter a sudden rainstorm, you should immediately withdraw from the low-lying area; rock.
3. Landslide:
High-incidence time: during heavy rain, after long-term rain or long-term drought and strong wind;
It should be noted that landslides (commonly known as “wet collapses” or “landslides”) only occur during heavy rains or after prolonged rains. Collapse is prone to occur, commonly known as “dry collapse”, and “dry collapse” is more difficult to guard against than “wet collapse” (collapses in or after rain are generally easier to detect, and when the wind blows The chance of landslides is more related to the geological structure), and the lethality is greater.
High-incidence locations: mountain walls with soft and sparse vegetation or mountains dominated by weathered rock structures
Hazard avoidance methods:
a) Avoid high occurrence of landslides Time to enter the high-incidence location, especially do not stay or camp for a long time;
b) When traveling to a place similar to the high-incidence location, always pay attention to the changes of the rocks and soil above, such as the rocks and soil are found to be loose and fall off signs, you should withdraw immediately.
4. Wildfires: I am afraid no one will question the words that fire is ruthless. The lethality of wildfires is terrible, but the most terrible thing is the invisibility of wildfires: on the one hand, many wildfires start to spread under dead leaves on the ground, and they are out of control when they are discovered; During the day when the sun is fierce, mountain fires may not be discovered even if they occur around them. When they are discovered, they are likely to be surrounded by mountain fires. The mountain disaster in Bagualing, Hong Kong a few years ago is an example.
High incidence time: drought and little rain, hot weather or high wind and dry season,
High incidence location: rich and drier places with vegetation (especially grass as the main vegetation)< /p>
How to avoid danger:
a) The safety of using fire is absolutely emphasized when outdoors;
b) If you find unusual fire light or smoke or smell in the distance When there is a smell of fire and smoke, you should immediately alert and evacuate as far as possible to the far end of the fire or river valley; Cover your mouth and face wet to escape; but when you choose the direction of escape, you can choose to enter the nearby river valley, or you can choose a place with less fire in the direction of the wind to break through the fire line and enter the fire zone (if you flee downwind, you will never be able to escape the fire ring) ).
5. Lightning strike:
High occurrence time: thunderstorm season
High occurrence location: high ground, under tall trees, relatively isolated On flat ground, in wide and watery river valleys, around high-voltage line towers, and in areas rich in underground metal deposits (stormy areas).
Hazard avoidance method:
a) Avoid appearing in high-incidence locations during the high-incidence time of lightning strikes;
b) If a heavy thunderstorm occurs suddenly in the mountains, it should be closed immediately All communication tools, evacuate the above-mentioned high-incidence locations of lightning strikes, and find caves, open spaces in the woods, and short trees to take shelter (it should be noted that when looking for trees to avoid, you should squat away from the distance of about twice the height of the trees), it is a last resort, It is also possible to sit among the rubble.
6. Miasma: Miasma is a general term, which is actually suffocating various gases such as biogas. Some miasmas have a strong pungent odor, while others are odorless and hard to detect. Fortunately, in the mountains in this area of Guangdong, except for some special places where there may be miasma, it generally does not happen. I didn’t want to write about it, but after all, this is also one of the threats to the outdoors, so let everyone know more about it.
High incidence time: when there is no wind, humidity, and muggy heat
High incidence location: dense forest with thick and humid ground humus, depression, wetland or swamp with no air circulation
How to avoid danger:
When entering a place with a high incidence of miasma, pay special attention to whether there is a special smell. If you feel shortness of breath, chest tightness, nausea, etc., you should be alert enough and withdraw the same way. out.