Introduction to Mountaineering Equipment and Precautions for Use
Mountaineering equipment has an obvious function, that is, in addition to its normal use, its combination can also provide emergency survival needs in the event of an accident. When an accident happens and you cannot get foreign aid, you can survive for a long time with these equipments, waiting for rescue or getting out of trouble and going home by yourself. The following introduces the matters that should be paid attention to in the selection and use of these equipments.
Maps and North Arrows
Maps and North Arrows can tell us the way home, especially when you’re entering very unfamiliar or inaccessible places. The concept of using the map is to study in advance and compare and verify after the fact. If there is no careful study in advance, there may be some difficulties in using it in the field. If you don’t know how to use a map, you’ll be less impressed with the area you’re walking through, and it’s easy to get lost.
Maps that are more helpful for mountaineering are those contour maps that can represent topography and landforms; the compass requires a forest compass with an accuracy of less than 2 degrees.
Headlights
The importance of headlights will be profound for those who have walked in the dark on the mountain without the aid of lighting equipment awareness. Mountaineering is sometimes due to various factors such as bad weather, collapse of the path, injury or loss of team members, etc., which leads to the night or the delay of camping. At this time, it is difficult to continue operation without lighting equipment. It’s a good idea to hang a lamp on your head, so you can free your hands to do other things, so headlamps came into being. Two points should be paid attention to when using headlights:
The first is to use waterproof products, which can be used in any weather; even if they are stored in a humid place for a long time, the contacts and batteries are not easy to corrode.
Secondly, there is a safety switch. Some headlight switches are poorly designed. When they are placed in a backpack, the switch is often turned on suddenly due to the shaking and collision of items, so your battery will be empty. wasted.
In order to avoid this situation, there is a safety switch design, which is usually a recessed switch or a rotary switch. If your headlights have ever switched on suddenly, but don’t want to switch to a headlight with a safety switch at this point, you might want to tape the switch; or remove the bulb; or reverse the polarity of the battery This can also avoid the occurrence of the above situation.
Backup food
It is necessary to bring some backup food, we may Will be late or trapped due to bad weather, getting lost, injury, and other factors.
Because it is a backup, it also has a taste that means emergency use, so the food you bring should be light in weight, do not require cooking, easy to digest, and long-term storage is not easy to spoil. A combination of jerky, stone fruit, dried fruit, raisins and candy is a good choice. At present, there are many conditioning packs, instant rice, instant porridge, etc. that can be eaten without boiling or scalding boiling water on the market. , carefully measure whether it is suitable for mountaineering at the foot of the mountain, and don’t regret it when you arrive at the mountain.
Backup clothes
Keeping warm is the first priority for survival in the wild. Backing up clothes in an emergency may save your life. During mountaineering activities In addition to the mountaineering clothes you wear, you should also prepare some backup clothes to deal with the ever-changing weather. There is no set choice for backup clothing, a thermal jacket, feather vest or a set of sweat-wicking underwear may all be good options, depending on how you dress for the operation. A lightweight jacket for mountain activities; a back-up hat, gloves, sweat-wicking underwear…etc. Due to the limited water resistance of backpacks, these backup garments must be wrapped in a zip-top plastic bag or waterproof bag to keep them dry.
First Aid Kit
Although the medical activities that can be done in the mountains are very limited, if there is no first aid kit, even some basic trauma treatment will be difficult. The contents of the first aid kit are mainly for trauma, burns, insect bites, antipyretic and antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, cramp prevention and medicine for personal special needs.
Knives
Knives are a must for preparing food, making fires, first aid, and even rock climbing, so everyone should carry a knife with them. Knives are useful basic tools that we often use to make other tools or solve problems. However, although the knife is easy to use, special attention should be paid to safety when using it. When holding a knife, you should be cautious and fearful, and never make fun of the knife, so as not to hurt others or yourself. There are two most likely knives
we use on the mountain, one is a small knife; the other is a medium knife (the blade length is about one foot). Medium-sized knives are the best for making fires, opening paths, and defending yourself, while small knives are easier to use when cooking food or handling certain matters.
Fire tools
Now there is no mountaineering without a stove, so why should you bring a fire tool? Just in case it comes in handy, of course, as long as you remember that stoves are group gear and not on everyone. If you need it, the fire tool can help you quickly start a fire in the wild. Don’t fantasize about drilling wood to make a fire, it is more difficult to ignite wet wood in rainy days. The most common and easiest way to make a fire is a lighter and a kindling. You should bring a few more lighters and must be waterproofed, and the kindling can be replaced by candles.
Raincoat
Walking in the rain with an umbrella is very sentimental; holding an umbrella under the scorching sun feels quite delicate. But if it’s for mountaineering purposes, I don’t think umbrellas are the best choice. Some people bring umbrellas up the mountain, but this can only be used in suburban mountains with good road conditions, or as auxiliary rain gear in high mountains (photography, camp activities….etc). The raincoat is the most important part of the clothing system. It should be a basic preparation to bring a raincoat when climbing. There are too many examples where a pleasant mountaineering has become a nightmare due to not carrying or carrying improper raincoats. The weather is not always good for mountaineering. It is normal to encounter wind and rain on the mountain. At this time, if there is no raincoat, it is simply hopeless.
Survival Box
The Survival Box should be a metal container so that It can be used as a cooker for cooking. In the survival box, you can place some small and scattered survival supplies or repairs such as string, iron wire, survival paper, survival strategy card, warmer pack, fire, lighter, sewing kit, reflector, whistle, small straw, etc. supplies.
Outdoors
Outdoors or plastic sheets allow you to easily match the terrain to build a temporary shelter. But it functions like a tent, and in some cases even better than a tent. The outer account mentioned here refers to the outer account of the four-person house tent. Don’t get the outer account of the yurt by mistake, it will be difficult to use.
Other important little things are water bottles, sunglasses, sunscreen, lip balm…etc. The mountains are usually dry. In order to maintain physical strength and prevent dehydration, about one liter of water is needed for a day’s activities. Therefore, we must prepare a container of a considerable size. choose. Thermos bottles are quite practical whether for cold drinks in summer or warm drinks in winter. Aluminum kettles are also a pretty good option, not only are they lightweight, odorless, and can hold hot or cold beverages, even oil. At present, not many climbers in Taiwan use aluminum water bottles, and they should avoid confusion with fuel tanks when using them.
Personal Equipment Checklist for Suburban Mountains
In addition to wearing correct clothing and hiking shoes, you should also bring:
Item
Item
Quantity
Item
Item
Quantity
1
Small backpack (with waterproof measures)
One
8
fire tool
set
2
Headlight (with spare battery, bulb)
set
9
Outer account (including some strings)
a group
3
Map, compass and altitude
set
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'> 10
Kettle (you can use a thermos in winter)
one
4
Warm clothing
several
11
Two-piece raincoat and hat
one for each
5
First Aid Kit
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'>a
12
Cotton work gloves
one pair
6
Survival Box
a
13
Swiss knife or mountain knife
choose one
7
Food (including backup food)
several
14
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'> Notebook, pen
One of each
Notes:
1. For warm clothes, you can choose a light jacket in summer, but you must use a clip Pack in a chain-sealed plastic bag or waterproof bag.
2. Supplementary rope or umbrella strap can be listed as optional equipment.
3. For easy itineraries with better road conditions, you can choose umbrellas or hats and rain capes instead of raincoats.
4. In addition to wind protection, hats are mainly used for shading in summer and warmth in winter.
5. Loose and frequently used items can be waist-packed.
Alpine Personal Equipment Checklist
items
Item
Quantity
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'>Item
Item
Quantity
1
Large Backpack, Large Backpack Cover
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'> one of each
13
Maps, North Arrows & Altimeters
a set
2
Small Backpack
one
14
First Aid Kit (Medicine Box)
a
3
hiking shoes (including leggings), slippers
One pair of each
15
Survival Box
one
4
inner and outer socks
two each Double
16
Swiss Knife or Mountain Knife
each one
5
Sleeping bag, sleeping bag, sleeping pad
one of each
17
Outer account (with some strings)
one top
6
Sweat-wicking underwear (one set is spare)
2 sets
18
Headlight (including spare bulb, battery)
one set
7
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'> Long-sleeved outer pants (one set is for spare)
Two sets
19
Toiletries
set
8
windbreaker, hat, headgear
each one
< p class='MsoNormal' style='margin-left:0pt;text-indent:0pt;'> 20
Personal cutlery, toilet paper
Set
9
warm clothing
some
p>
21
Life Tools
A set
10
two-piece raincoat
p>
set
22
large trash bag
two
11
Kettle or thermos
choose one
23
Cotton work gloves
Two pairs
12
Personal Action Food
several
24
Notebook, pen
One for each
Outdoor climbing tips 1. Talk less
Talking takes a lot of physical strength, and speaking needs to mobilize the oral muscles, throat muscles, lung muscles, etc. Muscle tissue needs to call blood from the heart to supply these muscles for movement. What??s more, the amount of oxygen consumed by speaking is very huge. When we speak, almost all the oxygen inhaled by the lungs is used to supply speech. , the oxygen level in the blood drops rapidly. If it is shouting loudly and talking continuously, it will consume even more energy. Therefore, talking as little as possible on the way is an important way to save energy.
In addition, speaking less, observing more, and experiencing more is one of the signs of a mature ALICE friend. Good quality for a tasteful donkey. Some ALICE friends who talk nonstop and talk nonsense along the way are very annoying. At the same time, it is very wasteful to listen to other people’s constant noise in their ears, and it also leads to a bad mood. Therefore, if it is not necessary, try not to say too much, so as not to harm others and yourself.
2. Reduce the frequency of sitting down and resting
When many ALICE comrades feel tired when they are going uphill, they will sit down without falling. When I want to walk, my already tired legs have to consume a lot of energy to support my whole body and backpack. In fact, there are many ways to rest, there is no need to sit down:
Choose the tree trunk to lean against to reduce the burden on the legs and relieve the pressure.
Choose a higher place to sit down. It is best to sit on a slope or stone with a smaller height difference from your hips to rest. When you get up and walk, you don’t need to spend a lot of physical effort to lift your whole body.
Using the special rest method for donkey trips: support the upper body with both hands on the knees, bend the upper body to form a balance bridge, keep the back level, put the backpack on the back smoothly, bend the legs slightly, face the uphill direction, relax The trunk can reduce the burden on the shoulders, relieve the top-down pressure on the spine, quickly relieve fatigue and restore physical strength. When starting, do not lift the upper body quickly, but slowly return the torso to the normal position during the upward movement.
Take as deep a breath as possible, slow down your pace until you feel less strenuous, spread the rest into each step, and reduce the number of rests.
If you sit down to rest, try to sit down where there is a smooth road ahead, instead of going to an elevated place to rest immediately after the rest. Otherwise, after the rest, the heart, lungs and muscles will be in a calm state, and suddenly a huge amount of physical energy will be required, which will not only cause danger, but also waste physical energy.
Take small steps, shuffling slightly. Small steps can save some physical strength. When going up the mountain, do not lift your feet very high, and mop the floor a little, as long as it does not affect walking and safety, so you can save physical strength. Pay attention to these small places, and develop a habit, you can save money Lots of stamina.
When going to the high platform, you can lift your legs up with the help of your hands, and then press your knees with your hands to raise your body. There are many roads in the mountains, and suddenly you need to climb a high stone platform. If you are very tired at this time, don’t use the strength of your legs to lift your body, because the legs have not stopped using the process of going up the mountain, and your muscles are extremely tired. There will be some spasms and inconvenience at times, so it is best to match the upper and lower limbs, which can save a lot of physical strength and ensure safety.
3. The method of deep breathing
Many ALICE comrades breathe short, shallow and rough when going uphill, and they will become more and more tired. When going up the mountain, keep a proper rhythm of walking and breathing, and deliberately control it to achieve a habitual state. Try to exhale and inhale one step at a time on a steep slope with weight. When you are tired, take a deep breath, and intentionally slow down the rhythm slightly so that your physical energy can be distributed evenly with your breathing. Rapid breathing is a waste of lung muscle movement. The same amount of exercise can not absorb enough oxygen, this is what ALICE friends should pay attention to.
A good walking and breathing rhythm allows you to hike for hours without stopping and without getting tired.
4. Try to lower the center of gravity when going up the mountain
It is well understood from the point of view of physics that the center of gravity is low, which not only stabilizes the pace, but also saves physical strength. For example, a small person saves energy when climbing a mountain than a tall person. Lean your upper body slightly forward to a suitable angle and let gravity help you climb the mountain. If it is a steep slope, it is best to use both hands and feet, which will be very easy. The slope in front just makes up for the length of the arms, so that people can walk on all fours like animals. This is one of the ways to save energy. Equipped can use a cane to achieve this effect.
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