[Machine tool equipment] Analysis of the current situation of the machine tool manufacturing industry and the demand for machine tool equipment in the machine tool manufacturing industry
The current overall situation of the machine tool industry is stable and improving, and the order volume is compared with the beginning of this year. After a lot of recovery, the export trade of machine tools is developing in a positive direction, the import of machine tools has a downward trend, and high-end machine tools still rely more on imports. The demand for large and heavy-duty machine tools is relatively strong and has become a hot spot. The supply and demand of ordinary CNC lathes are saturated. Some capable enterprises have begun or are studying new machine tools and special machine tools, intending to expand the market space.
“As a developing country with the fastest growth rate and largest consumption of machine tool industry in Asia and even the world, China is full of confidence in the future development prospects of machine tools. The overall decline has declined, but it is still developing steadily. Among them, the automotive industry, military industry, aerospace, electric power industry, urban rail transit, wind energy and nuclear energy industry, shipbuilding industry, mold industry and other user industries have increased production and improved production efficiency. The machine tool industry has put forward new requirements, which is expected to promote the vigorous development of the machine tool industry.” The development of the machine tool industry, especially CNC machine tools, will be strongly supported by downstream demand. According to the special plan of “high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment”, by 2020, about 80% of the high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment required for the manufacture of aerospace, ships, automobiles and power generation equipment will be based in China, and there will be room for the development of my country’s machine tool industry in the future very broad.
As the largest user of machine tools, the automobile industry continues to maintain a strong growth momentum. It is reported that in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” of the automobile industry, the annual output of automobiles in 2015 is planned to be 25 million. The head of the Automobile Industry Association Dong Yang predicts that it will be 30 million vehicles, and the sum of the production capacity plans of mainstream auto companies in 2015 will exceed 30 million vehicles, which undoubtedly provides a large market for machine tools.
Demand for machine tools
China’s automobile industry has become the main consumer of machine tool industry, and its consumption accounts for about 40% of the total. At the same time, the investment in the automobile industry More than half of the total amount of imported machine tools is used to purchase manufacturing equipment, of which the amount of imported machine tools accounts for about 80% of the total purchase of machine tools.
According to the latest statistics released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2007, China’s automobile production was 8.8824 million vehicles. A year-on-year increase of 22.02%, a net increase of 1,602,700 units over the previous year; car sales of 8,791,500 units, a net increase of 1,578,000 units over the previous year.
In 2012, the national automobile production and sales reached 19.2718 million and 19.3064 million, a year-on-year increase of 4.6% and 4.3%, respectively, an increase of 3.8 and 1.9 percentage points over the same period of the previous year.
Auto sales doubled from 4.39 million in 2003. The continuous and rapid development trend of the domestic automobile market has provided a broad market space for machine tool manufacturers.
As an important customer of machine tools, the industry of ship supporting equipment (medium and low speed diesel engines, crankshafts, propellers, deck machinery, etc.) has been developing steadily, providing broad development space for CNC machine tools and heavy-duty machine tools. The wind power and nuclear power equipment manufacturing industries have demand for high-end CNC machine tools, especially special machine tools that need to be developed.
The rapid development of my country’s aerospace industry is conducive to driving the demand for machine tools. Both the ARJ21 regional passenger aircraft and the Xinzhou 600 regional passenger aircraft will be put into production one after another, the large aircraft project has begun, and the Shenzhou manned spaceship project, etc. It is necessary to purchase a large number of key manufacturing equipment such as high-speed, high-precision, compound CNC machine tools and five-axis machining centers. The aerospace industry will have new demands for CNC machine tools, especially high-speed, high-efficiency, high-precision, multi-axis linkage high-end CNC machine tools, which may include automatic tape laying machines and automatic wire laying machines for manufacturing composite components.
China’s power industry will implement a diversified energy supply strategy, and focus on high-efficiency, high-speed, clean energy, such as nuclear power and wind energy, to change the over-reliance on coal and other single energy sources. According to the plan, by 2015, the installed capacity of wind power will reach 15 million kW, and by 2020, the installed capacity will reach 40 to 60 million kW. The rapid development of the electric power industry requires a large number of reliable, large-scale, high-strength CNC machine tools, such as various super-heavy CNC machine tools and special machines, as well as five-axis linkage CNC machine tools and compound processing machine tools.
In terms of urban rail transit, according to the first batch of urban rail transit project plans approved by the State Council, the planned line length by 2015 is 2,400km, and the investment scale is nearly 700 billion yuan. As of November 2008, it has been completed. 100 billion yuan investment. The large-scale construction and planning of urban rail transit will definitely drive the increase in the demand for machine tools, such as large milling machines, grinders, heavy machine tools and other processing equipment. The construction and reconstruction of China’s railways, focusing on high-speed, speed-increasing, and heavy-loading, has entered the “fast lane” of development. The demand for machine tools in the rail transit industry is multi-faceted. One is locomotives (electric locomotives and electric drive diesel locomotives) and vehicle manufacturing.
The other is the routine maintenance of wheel and axle making machines, as well as track processing and high-speed railway sleeper processing. The above processing and manufacturing are in urgent need of general CNC metal cutting machine tools, such as machining centers, CNC vertical lathes, etc. Special CNC metal cutting machine tools are also required, such as orbital plate grinders, axle grinders, etc. Forming machines such as presses and bending machines are also required.
In addition, the production situation of general equipment is improving, the shipbuilding industry maintains rapid growth, and the situation of new orders has improved. While other machinery industries are loyal user groups of machine tools, large and medium-sized enterprises and some foreign-invested enterprises will focus on purchasing high-end and middle-end CNC machine tools, while small and medium-sized enterprises, especially private small and medium-sized enterprises, mostly purchase medium and low-end CNC machine tools. There is also a lot of demand for CNC special and specialized machine tools. In the future, medium and low-end machine tools will also account for a large proportion.
“Chinese enterprises need to seize good development opportunities, strengthen independent innovation, improve technology level and industrialization scale, and actively explore emerging markets to cope with future market competition.” At present, my country’s aerospace, automotive molds The high-end CNC machine tools urgently needed by the industry include: high-speed machining centers, multi-axis linkage machining centers, double-spindle turning centers and turning-milling centers, precision grinders and compound grinders, precision electrical machining machines, precision large-scale leading boring and milling machines and precision floor boring and milling machines, High-efficiency CNC special machines, etc., and domestic enterprises of these equipments are not well satisfied, and the level of industrialization needs to be improved. On the basis of improving the independent development of CNC machine tools as soon as possible, we must strengthen international cooperation and improve the supply level of high-end CNC machine tools and complete sets.
Talking about the development trend of mold CNC machining, the market demand for high-end CNC machine tools in China is increasing, and new products of CNC machine tools are emerging frequently. The CNC punch has a CNC control system, which can arbitrarily set the movement mode and speed of the slider according to the needs of the processing method. According to market changes, the future development direction of domestic CNC machine tools is expected to have the following models.
1. Screw CNC punching machine
The servo working machine uses an AC servo motor to drive the slider through the screw, and the position of the bottom dead center during forming can be adjusted. Provide data to the position control device for control through the position reading device. Therefore, the thermal expansion and elastic deformation of the machine will not affect the accuracy of the product, and the most suitable slider movement mode can be adjusted and the position of the bottom dead center can be controlled in extremely small units. Therefore, it is suitable for high-precision and high-performance non-cutting forming screw-type servo punches in the form of torque control by hydraulic motors and accumulators. The position control of the bottom dead center can reach the micron level, which is a machine that saves energy and has environmental protection requirements. .
2. Crankshaft Servo Punch
A CNC punch that combines a crankshaft punch and an AC servo motor. This kind of punch uses a servo motor to replace the clutch brake and flywheel of the original punch. This kind of punch has the characteristics of a servo punch whose slider movement mode can be set arbitrarily, and also has the torque characteristics of an ordinary mechanical punch as shown in Figure 3. However, its working energy will not decrease in the low speed region.
3. Double-action forming punch
Double-action forming is a powerful means of forming without cutting. Block forging in cold forging is an example, which is to control the plastic flow of the material by controlling the action and timing of multiple punches and dies. The accuracy and formability of the product can be improved, and the number of processes can even be shortened.
Double-action forming can be roughly divided into two categories: double-action forming that attaches importance to the versatility of the punch press and using a compound-action die; Recently, not only in the forging process, but also in the diversification and improvement of the composite forming of sheet metal forming and forging, the punch press is required not only to have multi-action performance, but also to have high versatility.
4. Block forging punches
Block forging dies and general-purpose forging punches have been widely used in the forming of star wheels and cross-joints. Its mold structure has blocking function and coordination function. Other block forging punches that can save piping time during die assembly can be divided into two types: these functions are all in the punch, and the upper and lower cylinders are in the punch and the coordination mechanism is in the die base.
5. Sheet forging punches
With the popularization of sheet forging and pressing, forging punches are required to be capable of deep drawing or shortening of the number of works, so sliding is required. Blocks and tables must have cylinders. The original block forging almost always adopts high-capacity normal pressure action. In addition to the normal pressure action suitable for the construction method, sheet forging also requires sequential action, self-locking and other functions.
6. Gear forming punch
Double action hydraulic punch for helical gear forming. This type of punch has a total of 2 for sliding drive, 2 in the slider and 2 in the table, and a total of 5 driving sources all share a hydraulic drive device. The initial stage of forming is the same as the inner ring forging of the normal pressure ejector method. The punch is inserted into the closed tooth space of the female die, and the material starts to flow from the bottom for initial forming. In this state, the core is raised, and the diameter of the core in the center of the material changes from thick to thin. At this time, there is a new space in the inner diameter of the workpiece, which can generate new plastic flow, so increasing the pressure material can fill the tip of the tooth shape. The product processed by this method has a processing pressure of only 1300Mpa, and the sag and burr of the toothed part are extremely small. Using compound motion forming to control material flow, the formed gear can reach JIS 3~4 grade, which is very close to high value-added no-cut forming.
