In this windy year, outdoor activities are becoming more and more colorful. From the very beginning, although we have always hoped that during the process of outdoor activities, the personnel participating in outdoor activities can be environmentally friendly and protect nature, unfortunately, we often do not have a clear guideline. Many times, the awareness of outdoor environmental protection is only limited to some simple common sense outdoors, such as not littering, not making fires, etc. Now we will discuss this issue with you.
One. About the classification of garbage:
Outdoor garbage can generally be divided into four categories: recyclable garbage, kitchen waste, hazardous garbage, and other garbage. At present, the commonly used garbage disposal methods mainly include comprehensive utilization, sanitary landfill, incineration, and composting.
A?? Recyclable garbage includes paper, metal, plastic, glass, etc. Through comprehensive treatment and recycling, pollution can be reduced, and resources can be saved. For example, for every 1 ton of waste paper recycled, 850 kilograms of paper can be made, saving 300 kilograms of wood and reducing pollution by 74% compared with the same amount of production; 0.7 tons of secondary raw materials can be obtained for every 1 ton of plastic beverage bottles recycled; every 1 ton of waste recycled Iron and steel can be smelted to 0.9 tons of steel, which saves 47% of the cost, reduces air pollution by 75%, and reduces water pollution and solid waste by 97% compared with ore smelting.
B. Kitchen waste includes food waste such as leftovers, bones, and vegetable roots and leaves, which are processed and composted on-site by biotechnology, and each ton can produce 0.3 tons of organic fertilizer.
C. Hazardous wastes include waste batteries, waste fluorescent tubes, waste silver thermometers, expired medicines, etc. These wastes require special safe handling.
D. Other garbage includes wastes other than the above-mentioned types of garbage that are difficult to recycle, such as feminine hygiene products, other hygiene products, etc. Sanitary landfills can effectively reduce pollution to groundwater, surface water, soil, and air.
Second. Sorting is the key to good garbage disposal:
It is roughly divided into two categories: garbage made of decomposable materials and garbage made of non-decomposable materials
1. Decomposable material garbage (for example, our feces and leftover food also include some paper packaging tapes, etc.) This garbage can usually be buried, and after it rots, it can be turned into organic nutrients in the soil. It can promote the growth of surrounding plants. However, be careful not to bury it together with the plastic bags containing garbage. Although the bags can accelerate the decay, due to the non-decomposability of polyethylene, it will cause damage to the local soil. If conditions permit, paper bags can be used for burying. Take the plastic bag back and do another disposal.
2. The other is the garbage made of non-decomposable materials (for example, plastic bags, bottles for drinks and water, styrofoam lunch boxes, etc.) The disposal of such garbage usually cannot be buried or simply incinerated. Because doing so will cause disguised pollution and secondary pollution. For this kind of garbage, we adopt the waste-to-treasure type treatment. We can extend their useful life. Try to use it as many times as possible when hygienic conditions allow, and don’t throw it away once. Leave the bottles and cans to the locals. One is that they can be reused, and the other is that they can buy money. Dealing with garbage and turning waste into treasure serves multiple purposes. The last remaining rubbish is relatively lightweight and can be taken to nearby villages or by road for further processing.
Three. Outdoor garbage disposal and environmental protection guidelines:
After we have clarified the classification of garbage and garbage, what should we do outdoors?
1. Garbage disposal
a. The parts of the garbage that are difficult to degrade naturally (such as batteries, plastics, metals, glass, chemicals, coated or coated paper products, etc.) should not be incinerated or buried but should be brought back to the city and then thrown into the garbage (try not to use the scenery Waste bins set up in the district, because the method of disposal of waste in the scenic area is incineration or landfill).
b. Naturally degradable garbage (such as paper, cotton products, and food scraps) can be shredded and disposed of on-site but cannot be discarded in or near water.
2. Camp environment and living sanitation
Protect the environment around the camp mainly refers to the protection of water sources around the camp, the disposal of urine and feces, the disposal of feminine hygiene products, cooking local security;
a. Protect the water source of the camp. Brushing things must be drawn from the shore, not directly in the water flow, and washing should be carried out in a container with water two meters away from the water source to prevent pollution of the lake or the downstream of the river.
b. Try not to use soap, toothpaste, detergent, and other chemicals in the wild, but use dry and wet paper towels instead; especially, do not use daily chemical products in water.
c. When using the toilet on the spot in nature, it should be 30 meters away from the water source, and at the downwind of the camp, it is best to bury it with soil at a convenient location to prevent odor pollution. The toilet should be away from water sources, roads, and animal nests.
d. Waste water, waste liquid, and food residues should be dug and dumped in a centralized manner, and the camp should be removed and buried for restoration. Do not scatter around the camp.
e. Defecation places should be digging pits and set up tents
, and they should be more than 50 meters away from the camp. The excavated excavation should be neatly stacked next to the pit, and a layer of soil should be removed after each use and buried for restoration when the camp is withdrawn. If possible, plants should be planted on the pit at the end to mark it and help speed up the decomposition of the feces.
f. The dry garbage for domestic use should be marked as combustible and non-combustible and collected in bags, respectively. When the camp is withdrawn, the combustible ones will be dug and burned (not during the fire ban season in mountainous areas) and then buried, and the non-combustible ones will be taken to the upper and lower garbage stations. If it is a fire ban period in the mountains, both types of garbage must be brought back.
3. Field fire prevention
a. Minimize the use of fire in the wild. If you need to start a fire, you should pay attention to fire safety and ensure the fire is completely extinguished before leaving.
b. No smoking while traveling.
c. Use a small gas stove suitable for outdoor use.
d. Use fire to comply with relevant national laws and regulations.
4. Protecting plants
a. Do not pick and dig wild plants at will.
b. Do not deliberately cut down wild plants, and pay attention to protecting the trunk of trees and rattan when it is necessary to open a road in the wild.
c. The vegetation on the top of the mountain is specially protected, which was very fragile originally, and it is very difficult to restore after damage. Not to mention trees, even grass, it is difficult to recover naturally after being trampled to death. Because the soil on the top of the mountain is mostly barren, the rocks are exposed, and the water source is scarce.
5. Protection of animals
a. Do not intentionally disturb or hunt down wild animals, and do not buy or eat wild animals that are prohibited by the state.
b. Do not smoke or cook near the animal’s nest so as not to disturb the animal by the smell.
Four. Suggestions to the backpackers and team members in outdoor activities:
1. For each activity, please clearly designate one or more environmental protection supervisors to be responsible for the environmental supervision of the entire activity; at the end of the activity, let the environmental supervisors be responsible for summarizing the problems in environmental protection during the entire activity. Those who do not do well should also be criticized;
2. Before each activity, in addition to the mutual introduction and acquaintance of the team members, the head backpacker is also obliged to repeat the outdoor environmental protection guidelines of Happy backpacker Talk to each team member and try to let everyone know how to do it;
3. Environmental protection should start from the procurement of materials for each activity and bringing non-degradable garbage to the wild as little as possible. Some unnecessary packaging of materials should be disposed of in urban areas as much as possible, firstly to reduce the weight of materials, and secondly to reduce the amount of waste in the wild Processing pressure;
4. Garbage sorting should be done at the beginning of the activity, such as preparing garbage sorting bags, such as red bags that are decomposable (preferably paper bags) and blue bags that are not decomposable. During the activity, the team members can put different garbage at any time. Sorting into bags, it is best for everyone to strengthen their awareness when throwing garbage, sort and throw it away, but it is impossible to do so, and it can also be finally handled in a coordinated manner, sorted and recycled, so as to avoid littering during the event and collect garbage everywhere after the event;
5. The garbage in action should be carried with you, and other garbage in the activity camp should be cleaned up when conditions permit;
Summary: environmentally friendly travel is the minimum moral standard for those who love outdoor sports, and protecting the ecological balance of nature is also everyone’s share Responsibility; there is a saying that is very good: “don’t take anything but photos, leave nothing but footprints.” So to be a traveler, first of all, you should be an environmentalist.