[Single-cylinder diesel engine] How to adjust the fuel supply time of a single-cylinder diesel engine

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How to Adjust the Fuel Supply Timing of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

The fuel supply timing of a single-cylinder diesel engine is crucial for proper performance. Adjusting this timing can affect engine efficiency and prevent issues such as reverse rotation or immediate stalling. Here’s a guide to understanding and adjusting the fuel supply timing.

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1. Early Fuel Supply Timing

When the fuel supply occurs too early, the air-fuel mixture forms and ignites prematurely. This causes the piston to face back pressure as it moves upward, leading to reverse rotation of the crankshaft. As a result, the fan or flywheel may rotate backward when the engine is turned off.

2. Late Fuel Supply Timing

If the fuel supply is delayed, the air-fuel mixture burns after the piston starts moving downward. This reduces combustion efficiency, and the engine may stop rotating quickly when turned off, causing the fan or flywheel to halt abruptly.

3. General Timing Adjustment

For engines that have been in operation for over 500 hours or have undergone repairs, it is essential to adjust the fuel injection pump to the optimal fuel supply advance angle.

Steps to Adjust the Fuel Supply Timing

  1. Connect the high-pressure fuel line to the fuel pump.
  2. Turn the flywheel and observe the alignment of the fuel supply marks on the flywheel and the water tank.
  3. Check whether fuel is injected at the correct time when the marks are aligned.
    • If fuel is supplied too early, increase the thickness of the pump gasket.
    • If fuel is supplied too late, reduce the gasket thickness.
  4. The optimal fuel supply timing is typically between 18° and 22° before the piston reaches top dead center (TDC).

Working Principle of a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

Single-cylinder diesel engines can be either two-stroke or four-stroke, with similar basic mechanisms. The key difference lies in the gas distribution structure.

Each complete cycle of a single-cylinder diesel engine involves four stages:

  1. Intake
  2. Compression
  3. Power (Work) Stroke
  4. Exhaust

Among these, only the power stroke generates work, while the other three strokes assist in preparing for the next power stroke. This leads to inherent instability in the engine’s operation.

To address the limitations of single-cylinder diesel engines, advancements such as fuel limiting devices and emission control systems have been introduced. These innovations help meet modern requirements for motor vehicle use and environmental protection.

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