The concept and classification of dust collectors
I. The concept of dust collectors
Heating ventilation and air conditioning in the country In the terminology standard (GN 50155-92), the specific meanings of several dust collectors are clarified, and the excerpts are as follows.
1. Dust collector, a device used to capture and separate dust particles suspended in air or gas, known as a dust collector.
2. The sedimentation chamber is a gravity dust removal device that separates the dust particles from the gas under the action of its own gravity due to the sudden decrease in the speed of the dust-laden airflow entering the larger space. We call gravity dust collectors.
3. Dry dust collector, a dust collector that does not capture and separate dust particles in air or gas with water or other liquids.
4. Inertial dust collectors, with the help of various forms of baffles, force the direction of airflow to change, and use the inertia of dust particles to make them collide with baffles to separate and capture dust particles.
5. Cyclone dust collector, the dust-laden airflow enters the cylinder along the tangential direction to make a spiral rotation motion, and the dust particles are separated and captured under the action of centrifugal force.
6. Multi-tube (cyclone) dust collector is a dust collector that is assembled in parallel by several cyclone separators with smaller diameters, and has a common inlet and outlet and a dust collector.
7. The bag filter is a dust collector that uses a fibrous filter bag to capture dust, also known as a bag filter.
8. The particle layer dust collector is a dust collector with granular materials such as quartz sand and gravel as the filter layer.
9. The electrostatic precipitator consists of a corona electrode, a dust collecting electrode and other components. Under the action of a high-voltage electric field, the particles in the dust-laden air flow are charged and attracted and trapped in the dust collector. Extreme dust collector.
10. Wet dust collectors use the contact and impact of dust-containing gas with droplets or liquid films. A device that separates dust particles from the airflow.
11. Water film dust collector, the dust-laden gas enters from the air inlet at the lower part of the cylinder in the tangential direction and then rotates and rises, so that the dust particles are thrown to the inner wall of the cylinder by centrifugal force, and at the same time, they are thrown along the inner wall of the cylinder. The downward flowing water film is adhered and captured by the dust collector and discharged from the lower cone.
12. Horizontal cyclone water film dust collector, which is composed of a horizontal inner and outer cyclone. It uses the rotating dust-laden airflow to impact the water surface to form a flowing water film inside the outer cyclone and generate a large amount of water mist. A wet dust collector that collides and agglomerates dust particles and water mist droplets, and is captured by a water film under the action of centrifugal force.
13. Foam dust collector, a kind of dust removal equipment in which the dust-laden airflow passes through the foam layer on the sieve plate from bottom to top at a certain flow rate.
14. Impulse dust collector, the dust-laden airflow enters the cylinder and turns downward to impact the liquid surface, and some large groups of dust particles directly settle in the mud bucket, and then the dust-laden airflow passes through the S-type at high speed. A kind of wet dust removal equipment that stirs up a large number of water splashes and droplets, and makes the fine dust and water mist fully mix and contact to be collected.
15 Venturi Dust Collector, a dust collector consisting of a Venturi tube and a droplet separator. When the dust-laden gas passes through the throat at a high speed, the droplets sprayed by the nozzle are further atomized and collide with the dust particles continuously. Then, the gas film around the dust particles is broken, so that the fine particles are condensed into dust-containing droplets with a larger particle size, which are separated and captured after entering the separator, and the dust-containing gas is purified, also known as a venturi scrubber.
⒃sieve tray tower, there are several layers of sieve trays in the cylinder, the gas passes through the liquid layer on the sieve tray from bottom to top, and the purification equipment is used to absorb harmful substances through gas bubbling.
17. Packed tower, the cylinder is equipped with annular, corrugated or other shaped packing, the absorbent is sprayed down on the packing from the top of the tower, the gas rises along the packing gap, and the gas-liquid contact is used to make the packing. Purification equipment where harmful substances are absorbed.
18. Air filter, a device that purifies dust-laden air by means of filter material filtration.
19. Automatic winding filter, which uses drum-shaped filter material and can automatically wind and clean the air filter.
Vacuum cleaning device, a device that cleans and purifies the dust surface with the help of a high-vacuum suction nozzle.
⒇The technology of dust removal, capture and separation of solid particles such as dust in the air flow.
21. Mechanical division, E. The method of dust removal with the help of fans and dust collectors.
22. A general term for dust removal methods such as wet dust removal, hydraulic dust removal, steam dust removal and spray dust reduction.
23. Hydraulic dust removal is a dust removal method that uses water spray to humidify materials, reduce the amount of dust and promote dust condensation and sedimentation.
24. Combined dust removal, a combination of mechanical dust removal and hydraulic dust removal.
25. Dust removal system, generally refers to a mechanical exhaust system composed of local exhaust hoods, air ducts, fans and dust collectors to capture, transport and purify dust-laden air .
Botou Penghe Environmental Protection Machinery Co., Ltd. has developed into the largest and most powerful dust collector equipment production base in North China. The above-mentioned products are capable of producing.
Second, the classification of dust collectors
The different classification methods of dust collectors can be divided into many types for different dusts and different conditions.
(1) Please refer to the table for classification according to the principle of dust removal force.
Type
Dust removal force
Dust removal equipment type
Scope of application
Efficiency of different particle sizes/%
Dust particle size
/um
Dust concentration
/(g/m3)
Temperature
/℃
Yinli
/Pa
50um
5um
1um
Dry
Gravity
Gravity Dust Collector
＞15
＞10
＜400
200～1000
96
16
3
Inertia
Inertial dust collector
＞20
＜100
＜400
400～1200
95
p>
20
5
Centrifugal
Cyclone
＞5
＜100
＜400
400～2000
94
27
8
Electrostatic force
Electrostatic precipitator
＞0.05
＜30
＜400
200～300
＞99
99
86
Inertial force, diffusion force and screening
Bag filter
Vibration cleaning
Pulse cleaning
Backflushing cleaning
＞0.1
3～10
＜300
800～2000
＞99
100
100
＞99
>99
＞99
99
99
99
Inertia, Diffusion and Cohesion
Self-excited dust collector
Spray dust collector
Venturi dust collector
100～0.05
＜100
<10
<100
<400
<400
<800
800～1000
5000～10000
100
100
100
93
96
>99
40
75
93
Electrostatic force
Wet electrostatic precipitator
＞0.05
p>
＜100
＜100
300～400
＞98
98
98
(2) Classification according to the wet and dry conditions of the collected smoke and dust
Dry and wet types of dust collectors
Dust removal category
Smoke status
Dust collection equipment
Dry dust removal
Dry dust
Gravity dust collector, inertial dust collector dust collector, dry electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, cyclone dust collector
wet dust collector
slurry
water film dust collector, foam dust collector, Impact precipitator, venturi precipitator, wet electrostatic precipitator
(3) Classification by dust removal efficiency
Type of dust collector dust removal efficiency
p>
Dust removal category
Dust removal efficiency/%
Dust collector name
Low efficiency dust removal
＜60
Inertial dust collector, gravity dust collector, water bath dust collector
Medium-efficiency dust collector
60～95
Cyclone dust collector, water film dust collector , Self-excited dust collector, spray dust collector
High-efficiency dust removal
＞95
Electrostatic precipitator, bag filter, venturi filter, Air filter
(4) Classification by working state According to the working state of the dust collector in the dust removal system, the dust collector can also be divided into two types: positive pressure dust collector and negative pressure dust collector. The working temperature is divided into two types: normal temperature dust collector and high temperature dust collector. According to the size of the dust collector, it can also be divided into small dust collectors, medium dust collectors, large dust collectors and super large dust collectors.
(5) According to the different dust removal mechanisms and functions of dust removal equipment, according to the method of “Classification and Naming of Environmental Protection Equipment” (HJ/T 11-1996), dust collectors are divided into the following 7 types.
①Gravity and inertial dust removal devices include: gravity settling chamber and baffle type dust collector.
②Cyclone dust removal device includes: single-cylinder cyclone dust collector, multi-cylinder cyclone dust collector.
③Wet dust removal devices include: spray type dust collector, impulse type dust collector, water film dust collector, foam dust collector, inclined grid type dust collector, and Venturi dust collector.
④Filter layer dust collector includes: particle layer dust collector, porous material dust collector, paper filter, fiber filled filter.
⑤Bag dust collectors include: mechanical vibration type dust collector, electric vibration type dust collector, sub-chamber back blow type dust collector, nozzle back blow type dust collector, vibration type dust collector, pulse jet type dust collector device.
⑥Electrostatic precipitator includes: plate electrostatic precipitator, tubular electrostatic precipitator, wet electrostatic precipitator.
⑦ Combined dust collector includes: in order to improve the dust removal efficiency, it is often “set up a coarse particle dust removal device in the front stage, and a fine particle dust removal device in the rear stage” of various series combined dust removal devices.
In addition, with the increasingly strict air pollution control regulations, the flue gas desulfurization function is sometimes added to the flue gas dust removal device, and a flue gas dust removal and desulfurization device is derived.
