Clothing and equipment for mountaineering
1. Purpose of clothing
1. The purpose of clothing is to keep warm, protect and comfort.
2. In principle, mountaineering clothing should be flexible and adjustable.
3. The temperature of the high mountains is lower than that of the flat land, and the temperature decreases by 6??C for every 1,000 meters (the vertical lapse rate of temperature=6(C/Km).
But The temperature measured on the mountain is not equal to the temperature felt by the human body (somatosensory temperature). If there is wind, the flowing air can continuously remove heat from the body surface. This “wind chill effect” makes the somatosensory temperature in the The wind is lower than the actual temperature.
A simple calculation formula:
Feeling temperature=air temperature – 4 * (wind speed per second (m/sec [Josie1]))1/2 )
4. Clothing should be kept as dry as possible. The cooling force of water is 23 times higher than that of air. If wind is added, it will often cause loss of temperature and accidents.
Second, the choice of mountaineering clothing
1. All mountaineering clothing should not be too tight, otherwise it will hinder the blood circulation and the comfort of the space, and lose a layer of air convection space, which will Reduce warmth.
2. Clothing material characteristics
(1) Cotton: Strong water absorption, not easy to dry, and it will not have a thermal insulation effect when it absorbs 8%.
(2) Wool: hydrophilic molecular structure, strong absorption, weak drainage, not easy to dry. The fiber is curled and is the only natural hollow fiber, which can absorb up to 30% and still keep warm.
(3) Down: Because the surface contains a layer of grease and can collect a lot of air, it is light in weight and has a very good thermal insulation effect. Good, as soon as it encounters water, it loses its warmth.
(4) PP: The main material is polyethylene (Polyester) or polypropylene (polypropylene), which is a water-repellent fiber with the characteristics of perspiration and easy drying.
(5) Gore-Tex: The material is Teflon film, which is not afraid of acid, alkali, cold and heat, and has the characteristics of waterproof and breathable.
In 1975, it was successfully developed by the American WLGore Company and the Army. There are many micropores on the film, each micropore diameter is only 0.2 microns, which is 1/20,000 of the molecular mass of liquid water, but it is steam water. The molecule is 700 times larger and can withstand 65-80 pounds of water pressure per square inch.
(6) Pile: A general term for a special weaving product, which is warm and easy to dry. Materials may be a mix of polymers. These synthetic fibers are wound into small loops one by one and woven on a base cloth is Pile. Because these small loops trap air and keep them warm, they are as warm as wool and half the weight.
3. Wearing of mountaineering clothing
1. Three-layer wearing method: Comfort, Warm, Lay
( 1) Inner layer: To maintain the temperature and comfort of the skin surface, it must be close to the body to give full play to the function of keeping warm, and it will not cause excessive friction. PP material products can be selected.
(2) Middle layer: The middle layer of clothing mainly provides the function of keeping warm. Adjustability and convenience should be paid attention to when choosing middle layer clothing. Choice of wool, feather and Pile products.
(3) Outer layer: The outer layer of clothing provides protection from cold, heat, wind and water. It should be easy to move and easy to put on and take off.
2. Clothing matching
(1) Hat: The head dissipates heat up to 60% of the whole body. A warm and comfortable hat can reduce body temperature loss, shade and protect the head. Choices include PP headgear, caps, fur caps, Pile caps, Gore-Tex caps, helmets, hats, and more. The hat is still worn in three layers, and the warm hat should be protected with the ears.
(2) Top: The inner layer is made of perspiration-wicking and easy-drying material, which should be close to the body, such as PP underwear. The choice of the middle layer such as feather coat, Pile, sweater and so on. Feather clothing has good thermal insulation effect and small storage volume, but it is afraid of water and has poor air permeability. Pile increases the air layer, which has a good thermal insulation effect, but it will ventilate the wind; some new designs add a layer of windproof material, but try not to choose a product that cannot be separated from the outer layer and the middle layer of clothing. Outer clothing is mainly windproof and waterproof, and raincoats and windbreakers are must-haves throughout the year. According to needs and financial resources, you can choose general wind and raincoats,
specially treated windbreakers, or windbreakers made of Gore-Tex material. A two-section design that is convenient for movement should be selected, and attention should be paid to the handling of the sutures and whether it is easy to put on and take off.
(3) Lower body: In addition to the three-layer wearing method, convenience must also be considered. The inner layer (if necessary, such as Xue Jiu Shi? Choose products with perspiration and easy-drying materials. Use pants that are easy to move in the middle layer, pay attention to warmth, wind resistance, light and quick drying. It is best to choose trousers, which can provide better Protective protection; cropped trousers are not suitable for mountaineering, except for hiking in the suburbs with good paths in summer. The outer layer is preferably made of Gore-Tex material except in the snow season, otherwise generally waterproof trousers are sufficient.
(4) Socks: It is best to wear a pair of PP inner socks for the inner layer, and do not use cotton socks. Cotton socks are easy to absorb sweat, and increase the friction with the feet after the tide, which is easy to cause blisters in the friction parts. The middle layer is made of wool socks or wool. Socks blended with polymer fibers are better, with the function of keeping warm and protecting the feet.
(5) Gloves: It is also a three-layer wearing method, with PP gloves for the innermost layer and wool or Pile gloves for the middle layer. , and the outer layer is waterproof gloves.
(6) Leggings: divided into long leggings and short leggings. Short leggings are waterproof, insects and snakes, in addition to protection, they can also prevent dirt. Long leggings are usually suitable for snow In seasons, there are waterproof and warm materials.
(7) Mountaineering shoes: It is the most preferred equipment to purchase among all mountaineering equipment. When purchasing, you should consider its use, weight, and water resistance. Such as light shoes For traditional routes, its cushioning force and weight are sufficient. For non-traditional routes, you can choose harder shoes to provide better protection and improve stability and carrying force.
(i) Lightweight hiking shoes: Its characteristics are light, comfortable, quick-drying, and easy to wear. These hiking shoes have soft soles and are bonded with adhesives. The shoes are highly breathable, comfortable, and can be adapted in a short period of time. They are suitable for carrying light weight and walking on the trail. Good mountain.
(ii) Hard-soled hiking shoes: Emphasizes ankle support, sole stability, and ability to cope with harsh conditions. Harder soles provide foot support when walking on rough terrain Protection, support the stability of the ankle and sole of the foot; because the ankle, heel, and toes have enough support, it can improve the carrying force and adapt to difficult terrain.
(iii)Plastic Boots: Usually domestic Known as Double Shoes, they are waterproof, warm and ideal for hard snow terrain and icy climbing in winter. The inner boot insulation keeps the foot warm and dry, and can be taken off to allow the foot to dry out. These boots are very rigid and Not suitable for general walking use.
(iv) Note: Activities during the day can swell the feet, so it is best to buy shoes at night. No matter what kind of shoes you choose, try them on for a few days and walk longer Distance. If blisters appear on the soles of the feet, add a pair of socks. If blisters appear on the toes, wear thinner socks or remove the insole. If the heel is chafed, tie the shoelace tightly. If the ankle is bruised, the shoelace should not be tied to the top hook groove.< /p>
4. Adjustment of clothing
1. Purpose: to maintain normal body temperature
The normal body temperature of the human body is 35.8(C~37.8(C
normal person Body temperature is lowest at 3:00~5:00 AM
2. Four ways of heat loss:
(1) Convection (Convection): Wind chill effect, more severe in water than in air.
(2) Conduction: Direct contact heat conduction.
(3) Evaporation: Most of the remaining heat is lost in this way. like sweating.
(4) Radiation: 50%~65% of the heat is lost through this route.
3. Adjust the order of clothing
Gloves-hat-pulls and cuffs of jacket-take off a layer of clothing.
Tips for buying mountaineering gear
To participate in mountaineering, shoes should be at least one size larger than Time walking can make the feet swell. Please buy hiking shoes a few weeks before your trip, and break in with the new shoes in advance, because wearing new shoes when you travel will cause your feet to be chafed.
In the process of outdoor sports, people will inevitably sweat a lot, so it is best to choose quick-drying clothes
. “Quick-drying fabrics” in quick-drying clothes such as “quickdry”, “dryeasy”, and “CooLMaX” are mainly nylon, which is treated with special chemical fibers. The inner layer of fabric can absorb a lot of sweat generated by human movement, and quickly conduct it to the outer layer of the clothes, evaporating the sweat into the air. Also pay attention to its comfort and wear resistance. If the feel and appearance can be similar to cotton, it is best to pay attention to the specific anti-wear and anti-tear functions indicated by the manufacturer.