Introduction to Military Telescopes
Military telescope
s have different optical systems. Most military telescopes have a reticle, and the reticle used at night is also illuminated. The exit pupil distance of military binoculars is relatively large, so that the observer can wear a gas mask. In order to prevent hitting the head when shooting, some sights have an exit pupil distance as large as 70 to 80 mm, and they are also equipped with moderately soft and hard eye masks and forehead guards.
In terms of optical performance and structural performance, military telescopes are better and more reliable, because their design is more prudent, the materials are excellent, and the craftsmanship is exquisite, such as good image quality, less stray light, and magnification. The magnification is matched to the entrance pupil size for optimal resolution.
Because of high quality requirements, military telescopes must undergo environmental tests before leaving the factory, generally including vibration test, high temperature (+55??) test, low temperature (-45??) test, rain or water immersion test, Airtight test. After these tests, the product performance can still be guaranteed to be within the specified range before leaving the factory. Some products also have their own dryer in the lens body. Before leaving the factory, the air is drawn out and then filled with dry air or nitrogen, which can effectively prevent the internal lens from growing mold and fog in the future. Ordinary civilian telescopes generally do not do environmental tests, or only do part of the tests. This is difficult for people to understand from the market, nor can it be seen only from the appearance of the product.
The main structure of the military telescope
Mirror body group: The mirror body group is the main body of the telescope. It is divided into left and right mirror bodies, which are connected together by connecting shafts. Its function is to support the upper and lower right angle prisms and connect the objective lens group and the eyepiece group.
Objective lens group: The objective lens group consists of lens, objective lens barrel, etc. The objective lens group and the lens body are screwed together, and its function is to receive the light of the distant object (or target) and image it on the focal plane.
Eyepiece group: The eyepiece group consists of lens, eyepiece frame, diopter handwheel, etc. The eyepiece group and the mirror body are connected together by a threaded pressure ring. Its function is to magnify the image formed by the objective lens for the human eye to observe, and the diopter of the eyepiece can be adjusted by turning the diopter handwheel to meet the use of human eyes with different dioptric degrees. requirements, the range is ??4 diopters.
Connecting shaft: The connecting shaft is the connecting piece of the left and right mirror bodies of the telescope, and it is also the hub to realize the adjustment of the eye distance within the range of 58-74mm, and also the core of the binocular image.
Covers and Straps: Objective and eyepiece covers are designed to protect the objective and eyepiece lenses. When the telescope is not in use, the cover should be covered to protect the lens from damage. The strap is connected to the left and right mirrors of the telescope, and the strap can be hung on the user’s neck to prevent the telescope from being damaged due to mishandling.
How far can a military telescope be seen
Under normal circumstances, it can be seen at about 3000 meters. In fact, it is not very clear at such a long distance. It is best to hold it by hand. It is about 1000 meters, so many details can barely be seen.
Military telescope multiples
There is no ‘standard’ in principle, the regular military telescope multiples are generally 7 times, 8 times and 10 times.
The magnification of the military telescope should not be too high, reconnaissance requires a larger field of view, but the high-power telescope does not meet this requirement, the magnification is too high, the field of view is super small, and it is difficult to find and find the target.
Military binoculars are hardly more than 10 times larger. Multiples cannot be used as the only criterion.
In fact, there are also large multiples, such as whistle mirrors, ten times and twenty times, but this kind of thing must be put on the shelves, otherwise it cannot guarantee clear viewing .
How to use a military telescope
To use a telescope, you must first set the diopter. Hand-held telescope to observe the distant target thousands of meters away. Set the left and right eyes respectively, turn the eyepiece diopter and screw until it is clear, and remember the division number of diopter. Then set the distance. The eyes are observed through the telescope, and the telescope barrel is pulled to make the two fields of view converge into a circle. At this time, the number of divisions of the eye distance is the eye distance of the observer. After using the telescope for the first time, you should remember your vision and distance, and then you can set it directly when you use it. When using the telescope, you should hold it with both hands, and the elbows should be clamped close to the chest. This posture is relatively stable. If there are fortifications or other supporting objects, the elbows should be supported as much as possible, especially when using a large magnification telescope. When using the telescope in snowy foggy weather or strong sunlight, you can wear a filter to make the observation clearer.
The formula of ‘upper interval, lower 1000, dense position, distance pendulum on both sides, to get the number, multiply the diagonals and divide the adjacent side’ can be used for the division of the density in the military telescope, you can Measure direction angle, high and low angle and target distance. This is covered specifically in ‘Military Topography,’ a required course for every officer or scout.
1. Adjustment of eye distance
First, adjust the positive and negative diopter scales of the left and right eyepieces of the telescope to 0 scale. Hold the left and right mirror bodies of the telescope with both hands, search for distant targets and stretch or press the left and right mirror bodies at the same time, so that the eye distance of the telescope is the same as the interpupillary distance of the human eye (the full field of view seen by the human eye is a circle). shape), stop adjusting.
2. Object image adjustment
First search for the target, after locking the target, turn the left eyepiece diopter handwheel to make the target image of the left branch system of the telescope and the After the reticle image is completely clear, turn the right eyepiece diopter handwheel to make the target image of the right branch system completely clear, and then complete the adjustment of the observed target. Because the optical path of the telescope is designed with a dynamic auto-focusing function, after the resolution of the telescope is adjusted, it is not necessary to refocus when observing targets with different distances.
3. Use at night
When the ambient light is dim or when observing at night, it is recommended to use a telescope with an exit pupil diameter of 7mm or more. Because the pupil diameter of the human eye is about 2-3mm in the daytime and 6-7mm in the dark, the telescope can collect more light than the naked eye.
The difference between civilian and military telescopes
First of all, their optical systems are different. Most military telescopes have a reticle, and the reticle used at night is also illuminated. The exit pupil distance of military binoculars is relatively large, so that the observer can wear a gas mask. In order to prevent hitting the head when shooting, some sights have an exit pupil distance as large as 70 to 80 mm, and they are also equipped with moderately soft and hard eye masks and forehead guards.
In terms of optical performance and structural performance, military telescopes are better and more reliable, because their design is more prudent, the materials are excellent, and the craftsmanship is exquisite, such as good image quality, less stray light, and magnification. The magnification is matched to the entrance pupil size for optimal resolution. The casing of the military telescope is made of metal instead of plastic to ensure that it will not crack or deform after long-term use. In contrast, ordinary civilian telescopes are inferior in terms of sealing and materials, and some are not only plastic shells, but even the internal lenses are also made of plastic.
Because of high quality requirements, military telescopes must undergo environmental tests before leaving the factory, generally including vibration test, high temperature (+55??) test, low temperature (-45??) test, rain or water immersion test, Airtight test. After these tests, the product performance can still be guaranteed to be within the specified range before leaving the factory. Some products also have their own dryer in the lens body. Before leaving the factory, the air is drawn out and then filled with dry air or nitrogen, which can effectively prevent the internal lens from growing mold and fog in the future. Ordinary civilian telescopes generally do not do environmental tests, or only do part of the tests. This is difficult for people to understand from the market, nor can it be seen only from the appearance of the product.
Telescope maintenance
1. Ensure that the telescope is stored in a ventilated, dry and clean place to prevent mildew. If conditions permit, put desiccant around the telescope and replace it frequently.
2. For the remaining dirty spots or stains on the lens, use a professional lens cleaning cloth to gently wipe it to avoid scratching the mirror surface. Wipe the edge of the mirror in one direction from the center, and keep changing the absorbent cotton ball until it is clean.
3. The telescope is a precision instrument. Do not drop, press or do other violent actions on the telescope.
4. Non-professionals should not attempt to disassemble the telescope and clean the interior of the telescope.