What is the principle of a thermal printer
When a thermal printer works, it needs to rely on two important parts: the print head and the thermal printing paper. A semiconductor heating element is installed on the print head of a thermal printer. After the print head is heated and contacts the thermal printing paper, the desired pattern can be printed. The image is created by heating, which creates a chemical reaction in the film. This thermal printer chemical reaction is carried out at a certain temperature. High temperatures accelerate this chemical reaction. When the temperature is lower than 60 ℃, it takes a considerable time, even several years, for the paper to become dark. And when the temperature is 200 ℃, this reaction will be completed in a few microseconds.
When the thermal printer selectively heats the thermal paper at certain locations, corresponding graphics are produced. Heating is provided by a small electronic heater on the print head that is in contact with the thermal material. The heaters are arranged in square dots or strips and are logically controlled by the printer. When driven, they are generated on the thermal paper. A graphic corresponding to the heating element. The same logic that controls the heating element also controls the paper feed, allowing graphics to be printed on the entire label or paper.
The most common thermal printer uses a fixed print head with a heated dot matrix. The print head has 320 square dots, each of which is 0.25mm×0.25mm. Using this dot matrix, the printer can print on any position of the thermal paper. This technology has been used on paper printers and label printers.
The key to thermal printing technology lies in the heating element. There is a row of tiny semiconductor elements on the thermal printer core. These elements are very densely arranged, ranging from 200dpi to 600dpi. High temperature will be generated quickly. When the coating of thermal paper encounters these components, the temperature will rise in a very short period of time, and the coating on the thermal paper will undergo a chemical reaction to show color.
Application of thermal printers
Thermal printers are mainly used to print receipts, and can also be used to print labels, including P-type label paper, T-type label paper, knife-type label paper, F-type label paper, etc. Thermal printing technology was first used in fax machines. Its basic principle is to convert the data received by the printer into dot matrix signals to control the heating of the thermal unit, and to heat and develop the thermal coating on the thermal paper. Today, thermal printers have been widely used in POS terminal systems, banking systems, medical instruments and other fields. Thermal printers can only use special thermal paper. The thermal paper is coated with a coating that will change color due to chemical reaction when heated, similar to photosensitive film, but this coating will change color when heated. This characteristic of thermal coatings has led to the emergence of thermal printing technology.
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