1. Structure and components of neon lights
Neon lights are a low-pressure cold cathode glow discharge lamp whose structure is mainly composed of lamps and high-voltage transformers. The main components are:
1. Glass tube
The main function of the glass tube is to fill the working gas, connect two electrodes and transmit visible light. There are three types of neon glass tubes: bright tubes, powder tubes and color tubes.
2. Electrode
The electrode is used to emit electrons and collect electrons and positive ions. It is resistant to positive ion bombardment, has a high melting point, and is easy to emit. Electronic metal fabrication.
3. Mica sheet (or collar)
The main function is to support the electrode so that it cannot be displaced, loosened and contacted with the glass tube; Insulation, it can prevent the glass tube from bursting; reduce the cathode sputtering on the inner wall of the glass tube, which can prolong the life of the lamp tube.
4. Electrode lead
Through it, the electrode can be connected with the external circuit. It is necessary to choose a material with good conductivity and a thermal expansion coefficient similar to that of glass. Electrode leads are mostly made of Dumet wire.
5. Working gas
The working gas is mostly inert gas, neon and argon are the most commonly used working gases, and neon gas is mostly filled into the open tube to make Red neon lights, argon and mercury are mostly composed of argon-mercury mixtures and filled with powder tubes to make other colors of neon lights.
6. Phosphors
The inner wall of the glass tube is coated with different kinds of phosphors, which can be easily mixed with argon and mercury to make various colors. Neon lights.
7. High-voltage transformer
It is a current-stabilizing device connected to the neon light tube circuit, and it forms a complete set of neon lights with the light tube. Magnetic flux leakage high-voltage transformer or electronic step-up transformer provides high-voltage voltage for the lamp, so that the lamp ignites and ignites. When the gas starts to discharge, the voltage will immediately drop to a constant value to maintain the normal glow discharge of the lamp in a stable state.
Second, what is the principle of neon lights
Neon lights can emit light after being energized. This mainly uses the physical principle of gas discharge lighting. The conversion of electrical energy into colorful spectral lines is an important basic process of neon light work. The specific working principle is:
In a closed glass tube, it is filled with neon, helium, argon and other gases. There are two metal electrodes, the electrodes are generally made of copper material, the electrode leads are connected to the power supply circuit, and a high-voltage transformer is equipped to apply a voltage of 10-15kV to the electrodes. Since the gas in the tube is composed of countless molecules, the molecules and atoms are neutral under normal conditions. Under the action of high voltage, a small amount of free electrons move to the anode, and the sharp dissociation of gas molecules excites the electrons to accelerate the movement, so that the gas in the tube conducts electricity and emits different colors of glow (also known as rainbow light).
In fact, the working principle of neon lights is very close to the phenomenon of lightning in nature. In simple terms, neon lights release a lightning-like current to leave a special gas, thereby producing light of different colors.
