Ceiling ceiling material Ceiling ceiling method Ceiling ceiling construction technology
Ceiling ceiling material
1. Light steel Keel gypsum board
Gypsum board is made of plaster of paris as the main raw material mixed with additives and fibers. It has the properties of light weight, heat insulation, sound absorption, non-combustibility and sawability. The combination of gypsum board and light steel keel (pressed from galvanized thin steel) constitutes light steel keel gypsum board. There are various types of light steel keel gypsum board ceilings, including paper gypsum board, decorative gypsum board, fiber gypsum board, and hollow gypsum board. There are many specifications on the market. From the current point of view, the use of light steel keel gypsum board ceilings as partition walls is relatively small, and the use of light steel gypsum board ceilings is relatively small.
2. Cube ceilings
Mostly used in commercial spaces, generally using 600×600 specifications, with bright bones and dark bones. The keel is usually made of aluminum or iron. The main board can be divided into three categories: gypsum board, calcium silicon board and mineral wool board. Gypsum has been explained in the previous paragraph, let’s talk about calcium calcium board and mineral wool board.
1 The full name of calcium silicate board is fiber reinforced calcium silicate board, which is made of siliceous materials (diatomite, bentonite, quartz powder, etc.), calcium materials, reinforcing fibers, etc. A lightweight board made of pulping, blanking, steam curing, surface sanding and other processes. Calcium silicon board has the advantages of light weight, high strength, moisture resistance, corrosion resistance and fire resistance. Another notable feature is that it is easy to reprocess, unlike gypsum board, which is easy to be broken into powder after reprocessing.
2 Mineral wool board is made of slag through high temperature, high pressure, high-speed rotation, removal of impurities, and washing into mineral wool. The mineral wool board is mainly composed of mineral wool, adhesive, pulp and perlite. Mineral wool board has similar characteristics to calcium silicate board, but the sound absorption performance is better than that of gypsum board and calcium silicate board.
3. Plywood ceiling
It is commonly used in current decoration. Plywood (also called plywood) is made of logs after being boiled and softened, cut into large slices along the annual rings, and made by drying, finishing, gluing, forming blanks, hot pressing and sawing. With light material, high strength, good elasticity and toughness, shock and vibration resistance. Easy processing and finishing, insulation and other advantages. 5 cm plywood is generally used to make smallpox. 3 cm is too thin and easy to arch, and 9 cm is too thick. The reason for its popularity is that it can easily create a variety of ceiling shapes, including curved, round, and square.
The paint on the plywood ceiling may fall off after some time. The method is to paint the varnish (varnish) first, and then do other processes after it is dry. Another disadvantage of the splint is that the interface will crack. The solution is to use putty to fill the interface during decoration. For other properties of planks, see the plank chapter.
4. Painted aluminum gusset ceiling
Aluminum gusset profiles are mainly divided into strip, square and grid. The strip-shaped painted aluminum gusset ceiling is a long strip of aluminum gusset, which is generally used in aisles and other places. Most of the home decoration has no longer used some kinds of materials, mainly because they are not resistant to dirt and are easily deformed. The square aluminum gusset is divided into two specifications: 300x300mm and 600x600mm. The former is suitable for places that are easily dirty such as kitchens and toilets, while the latter is often used in commercial places such as offices. is the current mainstream product. The square aluminum plate is the same as the long aluminum gusset.
The grid aluminum gusset is suitable for the decoration of commercial spaces, balconies and aisles. The size is 100x100mm. There are two types of square aluminum gussets: microporous and non-porous. The main advantage of the microporous aluminum gusset is that it can ventilate moisture, so that moisture in high-humidity areas such as toilets can enter the top through the pores, avoiding the formation of water drop marks on the board surface.
The most important thing when purchasing an aluminum gusset is to check its aluminum thickness. Generally, the thickness of the 300x300mm aluminum gusset plate needs to be 0.6mm, while the 600x600mm aluminum gusset plate needs 0.8mm. Some unscrupulous merchants like to bully consumers by thickening the paint layer to increase the overall thickness, which is worthy of attention.
In the purchase of aluminum gussets, you should also be careful that some people use stainless iron to counterfeit them. To verify whether it is pure aluminum or impure aluminum or stainless iron, you can use a magnet to verify that it is real aluminum. It does not attract magnetism, but inferior aluminum or fake aluminum can attract magnetism. But this method is not a foolproof solution, because unscrupulous merchants can also fake this feature by degaussing.
5. Stained glass ceiling
Stained glass is painted directly on the glass with pigments, then grilled, and then the lights are used to reflect the beauty of color . Its various patterns can be used for interior lighting. But this material is only used for local decoration, otherwise it is like a Christian church.
The decoration of the ceiling, in addition to the selection of materials, is mainly a matter of shape and size ratio. The former should be dealt with on a case-by-case basis, while the latter should be calculated on the basis of ergonomics and aesthetics. In terms of height, the interior clearance height of home decoration should not be less than 2.5 meters. Otherwise, try not to do modeling ceilings, but use plaster line frame decoration.
If light steel keel gypsum board ceiling or plywood ceiling is used for decoration, paint the surface. The joints should be sealed with gypsum powder first, then sealed with sealing tape paper, and then the bottom layer and paint should be applied. Ceiling construction, no matter what kind of material, should remember one thing: seal! To prevent mice and cockroaches from nesting in it
Ceiling Ceiling Practice
Flat Ceiling Practice
Visual Features : It is equivalent to adding a flat plate to the top surface, usually adding an auxiliary light source inside.
Applicable room: in the middle, flat ceiling, generally only used for small areas such as foyer and dining room. In order to increase thermal insulation, flat ceilings are also used on the top floor. If the use area is large, it is recommended to use it when the height of the room is greater than 2.7 meters.
The practice of cascading ceilings
Visual features: ceilings with more than 2 layers.
Applicable rooms: in the middle, drop ceiling, mostly used for the apartment with central air conditioner, because the thickness of the central air conditioner is mostly about 35 cm, the stacked ceiling can increase the sense of hierarchy, and has higher requirements for the height of the room , the general requirement is more than 2.7 meters.
The practice of special-shaped ceilings
Visual characteristics: The ceilings with irregular shapes are called special-shaped ceilings.
Applicable room: normal room height (2.6 meters) can be hung. Due to material limitations, these graphics are limited to simple cartoon patterns such as stars and moons, so they are more common in children’s rooms.
Suitable for styles: Medium, shaped ceilings are suitable for a variety of styles, depending on the pattern.
The practice of straight ceilings
Visual features: The straight ceilings are similar to the top corners, but the top corners are narrower and thinner, while the width of the straight ceilings Most are between 30-45 cm, and the thickness is mostly between 8-12 cm.
Applicable room: In the middle, the straight ceiling can be hung in the room height of 2.6 meters, living room, bedroom and other areas, suitable for square houses.
The practice of curved ceilings
Visual features: curved ceilings often go around the space, but the lines are mostly curved or wavy .
Applicable room: suitable for special-shaped room. The height of the room is 2.6 meters, and the dining room, living room, etc. will do.
Suitable for style: In the middle, the decorative style of the curved ceiling is not very obvious, which can increase the dynamic and reduce the rigid feeling.
Mixing and Matching Ceilings
Visual Features: Use any two or more of the above-mentioned ceiling styles or use a ceiling with more than two materials.
Applicable room: relatively complicated, it is recommended to consider using this type of ceiling when the height of the room is above 2.8 meters, otherwise it will easily make the space appear depressing.
Suitable for styles: Medium, profiled ceilings depend on the materials and styling used, but are not suitable for modern minimalist styles.
The practice of dome ceilings
Visual features: Dome ceilings are vaulted or covered ceilings.
Applicable room: more common in villas, suitable for rooms with particularly high floor height or a pointed roof, the lowest point of the space is required to be greater than 2.6 meters, and the highest point is not required, usually about four or five meters.
Suitable style: in the middle, the dome-shaped ceiling is mostly matched with European style and partial European style
Ceiling ceiling construction technology
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Ceiling installation and construction process
1. Familiarize yourself with the drawings and construct according to the drawings. Use the horizontal tube to copy out the horizontal line, and use the ink line to pop out the reference line. For the partial ceiling room, if the original ceiling is not horizontal, the ceiling should be made horizontally or along the original ceiling, which should be determined by the customer after consulting the designer.
2. The arc top shape should be set out on the ground first, and then it can be topped after confirming that it is correct to ensure smooth lines.
3. The main reinforcement of the ceiling is not less than 30×50 wooden keel, the spacing is 800-1000, and it must be fixed with 100×8 steel expansion, about 1 square meter. The steel expansion should be hit as far as possible in the seam of the prefabricated plate, and the steel expansion nut should be pressed tightly with the wooden keel.
5. Pay attention to the position of the lamps for the wooden keel grille. There should be no wooden keel at the opening of the downlight. The ceiling and ceiling lamps should be reinforced separately. The main lamp in the living room should be expanded and fixed with steel. Light lamps can be hung on the main keel. Lamps or ceiling fans weighing more than 3 kg shall not be connected to the ceiling keel, and shall be provided with additional hooks.
6. The gypsum board must be divided into pieces before use. When sealing the board, leave a 3mm seam between the adjacent boards, fix it with special screws, sink it into the gypsum board 0.5-1mm, and the nail spacing is 150 -170mm. The fixation should be fixed from the middle of the board to the four sides, and multiple points should not be operated at the same time. There must be a keel at the junction of the board seam.
7. Before sealing the board, the elastic line must be divided into blocks, make sure the nails are nailed on the wooden keel, use U416 or U419 nails to fix, the nail distance is 80-150, and the nail holes are painted with anti-rust paint. For latex paint, it must be rolled with alkyd varnish to prevent the laminate from turning over.
8. When using aluminum gussets and varnished gussets, the specifications of the gussets should be understood, and the materials should be reasonably cut and repurchased according to the size of the site. The bathroom ceiling must also be expanded with steel and painted with fire-resistant paint, and the kitchen and bathroom ceiling should be as high as possible.
9. When sealing the board, pay attention to drag the lamp line out of the top surface, and determine the position of the downlight on the cover panel according to the construction drawing, and drag out the thread end.
10. The total height of the dark light belt is generally 120-200. All dark light belts should use double-layer silver rain brand neon tubes, and the front baffle of dark light belts should use nine-centimeter board or double-layer five Cli board or wood board, the backsplash uses five-layer board. The panel ceiling should be used as the base layer of wooden keel first, and the first layer of five-layer board should be sealed, and then the panel should be sealed.
Acceptance Criteria:
1. The surface should be flat and free of defects such as pollution, cracks, missing edges, corners or hammer injuries. uniform.
2. Check with a 2-meter ruler, and the flatness error is within 3mm.
3. The light band and the modeling part are straight and without waves, and the curved and round ceilings are smooth and smooth.
4. The decorative line seams are smooth and smooth, the color difference is small, and the yin and yang angle interfaces are tight.
5. The gusset construction should be flat and straight, the board surface should not be polluted, scratched or damaged, and the seams of the closing line should be tight
Mineral wool board ceiling installation Construction technology
1. Material preparation: boom, turnbuckle screws, shooting nails, self-tapping screws, various cover panels, adhesives, aluminum seam strips or plastic seam strips, The variety, specification and quality of its materials should meet the requirements.
2. Main construction equipment: chainsaw, nail gun, hand saw, pliers, screwdriver, square ruler, steel ruler, steel level, wallpaper knife, drag line, etc.
3. Relevant conditions for construction work: the installation of various equipment in the ceiling must be completed, the elevation of the ventilation duct and the ceiling elevation are not inconsistent, and the positions of inspection ports, wind tunnel ports and various exposed holes must be determined. ; The keels, accessories and panels required for the ceiling are prepared in advance; the wall before installing the mineral wool board or installing the edge keel must be scraped twice with putty to level it, otherwise it will be difficult to handle the inner corner of the wall and the ceiling.
4. Technological process: paste mineral wool board process (basic cleaning – pasting mineral wool board – finished product protection – basic elastic); construction process flow (basic cleaning – installation of hanging bars – – Installation of main keel – Installation of secondary keel – Calibration and leveling – Installation of mineral wool board – Completion of electromechanical system engineering – Completion of water testing and pressing – Concealed inspection – Finished product protection – Elastic thread – Sub-item acceptance )
5. Construction method: base cleaning – elastic line – installation of hanging bars – installation of main keel – installation of secondary keel – installation of side keel – installation of “T” keel – concealed inspection – correction and leveling – installation Mineral wool board -. Shelving method installation – paste method. 5. Construction method: base cleaning – elastic wire – installation of hanging bars – installation of main keel – installation of secondary keel – installation of side keel – installation of “T” keel – concealed inspection – correction and leveling – installation of mineral wool board – installation by shelving method – Paste method.
Installation and construction technology of aluminum gusset integrated ceiling
1. Weak line: according to the floor level line, according to the design level, along the wall around the ceiling level line , and find the center point of the room, and along the ceiling level line, draw the keel grading position line on the wall with the center point of the room as the center.
2. Install the main keel boom: After playing the ceiling level line and the keel position line, determine the elevation of the lower end of the boom, install the pre-processed boom, and expand the boom with a diameter of 8 Bolted to the ceiling. The hanging rod is made of round steel with a diameter of 8, and the distance between the hanging bars is controlled within the range of 1200mm.
3. Install the main meridian: The main keel is generally made of C38 light steel keel, and the spacing is controlled within the range of 1200mm. When installing, use the hanger matched with the main keel to connect with the hanger.
4. Install side keel: fix the 25×25mm lacquered keel around the wall with cement nails according to the requirements of the ceiling height, and the spacing between the cement nails is not more than 300mm.
5. Install the secondary keel: According to the specification and size of the aluminum gusset, install the secondary keel matched with the plate, and the secondary keel is hung on the main keel through the hanging parts. When the length of the secondary keel needs to be extended continuously, use the secondary keel connector to connect the opposite ends while hanging the secondary keel, and straighten it first and then fix it.
6. Install the metal plate: When installing the aluminum gusset plate, draw a reference line perpendicular to the direction of the secondary keel in the middle of the assembly area, and align the reference line to install it to both sides. When installing, handle it with care. You must press the two sides of the square plate in the order of the flanging part, and then push it tightly after it is stuck into the keel.
7. Cleaning: After the aluminum gusset is installed, it is necessary to wipe the entire surface of the board with a cloth, and there must be no dirt or fingerprints.
8. The following documents and records should be checked during acceptance of the ceiling project:
1 Construction drawings, design instructions and other design documents of the ceiling project;
2 Materials
3 Concealed engineering acceptance records;
4 Construction records
Wood keel gypsum board ceiling installation process
1. Construction preparation
Douxian should be prepared before the wood keel gypsum board ceiling construction The main parts and accessories of the skeleton and the mask; after the keel is firmly welded, the surface should be painted; the ceiling should be carried out after the decoration of the wall and before the decoration of the floor begins; prepare the corresponding machines and supplies, and configure the manpower.
2. Construction technology (process)
Gypsum board ceiling skeleton installation:
1. Select the corresponding parts, materials and tools, on the base of the structure, according to the design requirements, determine the position of the keel and the hanging point and the ceiling elevation; pop up a clear elevation line on the wall and cylinder. Note: The lifting point is added at the end of the main keel or the extension part, and the position of the elevation line should be accurate.
2. After the shortcoming of the lifting point and the elevation line, fix the expansion boom at the position of the lifting point, and use the boom to connect the fixed keel. large amount of adjustment. All the suspending bars are neat and consistent and meet the installation requirements.
3. When installing the suspension bars, the distance between the suspension bars of the wooden arcade part is less than 1m, and the distance between the suspension bars of the microporous aluminum plate part and the gypsum board part is less than or equal to 1.2m.
4. After completing the above steps, the keel can be installed. According to the order of the main keel and the second, first connect and fix the main keel and the boom, and then adjust the elevation of the main keel according to the elevation line to make it. on the same level. Note: The position of the primary and secondary keels should generally be snapped at the bottom of the primary keel according to the size of the decorative plate, fixed with pendants, and fixed tightly without loosening.
5. In order to prevent the main keel from tilting to one side, the small keel should be installed perpendicular to the main keel. The reinforcement of reserved holes, chandeliers, etc. should meet the design requirements, otherwise it will be very troublesome to install the chandeliers later.
Ceiling cover panel installation: Before installing the ceiling cover panel, be sure to check whether the pre-installation preparations are completed and whether the installation conditions of the ceiling cover panel are met. After all the conditions are met, the wire can be snapped according to the installation requirements, and finally installed. The cover panel shall not have a cantilever phenomenon, and additional keels shall be added to fix it; the temporary horse track for fixed construction shall be erected or hung on the structural stress members, and it is strictly forbidden to use the ceiling keel as a supporting point.
Gypsum board installation: The gypsum board installation method adopts the screw installation method. The long side of the gypsum board is in a state of crossing with the secondary keel, so that the end edge falls on the central part of the secondary keel. The gypsum board is installed in a staggered manner from one end of the ceiling, arranged one by one, and the remainder is installed at the end.
