Construction strategy for home improvement weak electricity renovation to easily create a comfortable and smart home
Part1: Distinguish between weak electricity and strong electricity and make home improvement Weak current planning
Digital home and smart home are the direction of home development, and weak current is a very critical basic project for realizing a multi-functional and highly intelligent home environment. Many owners have no concept of what weak electricity is and how to plan and layout, which is not conducive to creating a comfortable and intelligent home. So let’s first understand the basic knowledge about weak current.
1, weak currentvsstrong current
weak current and The difference between strong electricity is mainly the difference in use. Strong electricity is used to transmit power energy, that is, electricity. The weak current is used for information transmission and control. The characteristics of strong electricity are high voltage, high current, high power, and low frequency, which are more harmful to people; while weak electricity is characterized by low voltage, low current, low power, and low frequency, which is not enough to cause fatal injuries to people. Home air conditioning lines, lighting lines, socket lines, etc. belong to strong current lines, while telephone lines, TV lines, network cables, etc. belong to weak current lines.
2, home weak current system
The decoration of high-end villas, etc. may have monitoring systems, intelligent security systems, etc. The weak current decoration of ordinary people generally involves the four major systems of telephone, TV, local area network and home theater.
3, home improvement weak electricity renovation plan
The above mentioned is that most families currently There are several weak current systems that will be installed, but not every home does it. When planning the weak electricity of the home, the specific needs of the family need to be considered.
(1)Follow the principle of practicality first and moderate advance
The weak current planning of home should follow the principle of “practical first, According to the principle of “appropriately advanced”, according to the actual demand and consumption capacity, consider the potential demand, and choose the appropriate decoration plan. Try to be as thoughtful as possible, because if you want to increase in the later period, you can usually only follow the open line, which affects the beauty of the home, so it is better to try to do it in one step.
(2)Design weak current layout
Generally, regular decoration companies will provide weak current renovation layouts. The formulation is based on the needs of the owner, and the owner should pay attention to preservation. This not only helps to prevent hidden dangers in the circuit system within certain limits. At the same time, it is also beneficial to update or upgrade the line in the future.
Part2: Material quality is very important. Understand weak current construction materials
During hydropower renovation, owners generally pay more attention to wires s Choice. Most owners do not know much about some materials used in weak current transformation. Weak electricity, like strong electricity, is a hidden project. If it is repaired later due to material quality problems, the cost will be very high. Therefore, in the early stage, when selecting materials, we must pay great attention to the quality. Next, let’s take a look at the materials commonly used in weak current transformation, and the matters needing attention when purchasing.
One, weak wire material
1, telephone line
Telephone lines are used for telephones and are composed of copper core wires. The number of cores can determine the number of telephone extensions that can be connected. Common specifications are two-core and four-core. In home decoration, the two-core one is generally enough, but if you also need to connect a fax machine or a computer to dial up the Internet, it is best to use a four-core telephone line. Telephone lines can be replaced by network cables, and some households are now connected to telephones through network cables.
2, TV line
The lines used to transmit TV signals currently mainly include cable coaxial cable and digital TV There are two types of coaxial cables. The cable TV coaxial cable adopts double shielding, which will have a certain loss when it is used to transmit digital TV signals; the digital TV cable adopts four shielded cables, which can transmit both digital TV signals and cable TV. Signal. In terms of noise immunity, quad-shielded cables are superior to double-shielded cables, which can be compared by unraveling them with a utility knife. It is recommended to use digital TV coaxial cable for new home decoration.
3, network cable
There are three main types of network cable: twisted pair, coaxial cable, and optical cable.
The characteristics and prices of the three different lines are different. When choosing, the choice is mainly based on performance and price.
4, video line
The line used to realize the transmission of music and video, mainly including audio line, audio line and audio and video cables. The popular name of the audio line is the speaker line, which is mainly used for the connection between the power amplifier and the speaker in the home theater in the living room; the audio line is used to send the output signal of the laser CD player, DVD, etc. in the home theater in the living room to the The connection of the signal input terminal of the background music power amplifier; the audio and video cable is mainly used for the application of the home audio-visual system.
Second, the purchase of weak wire rods
With the development of home intelligence, the variety and quantity of weak wire rods required for home improvement will increase , while the quality requirements are getting higher and higher. So how to buy weak electric wire that can meet the demand and the price is affordable? You can refer to the following purchasing experience.
Third, weak wire pipe
Weak electricity is the same as strong electricity, generally the line is set on the line pipe, and then buried in the trunking. Therefore, an important material that needs to be used in the construction of weak current reconstruction is the line pipe. The line pipe used for weak electricity can be the same as that used for strong electricity. PVC line pipe is commonly used, but it is best to distinguish it by color. However, if it is too close to strong electricity, galvanized steel pipes can be used for weak electricity to reduce signal interference.
Four. Introduction of other weak current accessories
In addition to various wires and pipes, some other accessories are also required for weak current transformation. Such as weak current boxes, crystal heads, patch panels, weak current boxes, cats, routers, network switches, etc.
Part3: Standardize the installation to avoid regrets and look at the weak current construction process
In fact, the focus of home improvement weak current is the design and layout, while the general installation It is carried out together with strong electricity, and the installation process is basically the same, that is, according to the steps of positioning, slotting, wiring and so on.
1, it is recommended to configure the centralized management of weak current box
At present, the medium and strong electricity in home decoration is generally solved by the distribution box for centralized control and management. management problems, and most people’s weak electricity lacks unified management. With the increase of weak current demand, weak current lines will become increasingly complex, so it is necessary to conduct centralized management of weak current. The owner can install a weak current box similar to the strong current box to centrally manage and maintain the lines of telephones, faxes, computers, TV sets, security monitoring equipment and other network information appliances in the living room.
Installation of the weak current box
The general size of the home decoration weak current box is 320X260mm, but with the increase or decrease of weak current products and uses, it is recommended that the owner according to their own needs Choose the appropriate size weak current box. The weak current box generally has two methods: exposed installation and concealed installation. Exposed installation is to hang on the wall or put it in the corner. Concealed installation is to embed the box into the wall. Generally, it is installed at about 30cm above the ground. The installation needs to consider the wall. Whether the thickness is sufficient to carry the box.
2, weak current wiring mode: parallel
Most of the household weak current wiring adopts “star topology” Wiring” method, that is, the parallel method is adopted, and it is concentrated in the weak current box for centralized management. This is a replacement for the “bus topology” in the past. Paralleling emphasizes that each line is independent, which can avoid the paralysis of the entire system caused by a single point of failure, and facilitate the expansion of a single line.
3Determine the line terminal point
Similar to strong current construction, before weak current construction, it is first necessary to wire according to weak current Design drawings, combined with the schematic diagram of the points on the wall, use a pencil, ruler or ink fountain to mark the position of the cassette at each point. Except for special requirements, the height of the cassette is the same as that of the original strong power socket, and the height of the background music tuning switch should be the same as the height of the original strong power switch. If there are multiple cassettes together, the distance between cassettes should be at least 10mm.
4, determine the routing and slotting
According to the terminal point, determine the slotting route. When determining the wiring, the principle of the shortest route, the principle of not destroying the original strong electricity and the principle of not destroying the waterproofing must be followed.
According to the number of weak wires, determine the number of wire tubes, and then determine the width of the wire groove; the depth of the wire groove is generally about 5mm more than the diameter of the wire tube. Use the cutting machine to cut the wire groove on the wall and the ground along the elastic ink line. The wire groove needs to be horizontal and vertical, and the size is uniform.
5, Threading and Sealing
All weak wires must be routed through pipes, so the conduits need to be laid first, and then Thread again. Then install the junction box, install the panel, etc. Finally, seal the groove, pay attention to the wall and ground after sealing the groove should not be higher than the plane. After installation, remember to clean the construction site and remove rubbish.
Part4: Avoiding Signal Interference Weak Current Wiring Construction Specifications
Weak current transmits information. Phones, TVs, etc. will affect the use of functions due to poor signal. How to minimize the occurrence of this situation? This requires protection during weak current construction.
1. Strong and weak current lines need to be routed separately
A major taboo in circuit renovation is that the construction team is convenient for construction , to put all the lines together. The consequence of this is that there will be interference between lines, resulting in unstable signals and a fire hazard. Therefore, when the circuit is modified, the strong and weak currents should be routed separately. It is strictly forbidden to share one tube and one bottom box for the strong and weak currents. The parallel spacing between the strong and weak currents should not be less than 30cm, preferably 50cm, and the intersection must be at a right angle.
The wire pipe for weak current should be made of steel pipe or rigid PVC pipe. Therefore, if there is a local interference source in the line to be walked, and the minimum clear distance requirement cannot be met, the steel pipe should be used as the threading pipe.
2, separate pipes between different weak wires
In order to avoid signal interference, network cables, telephone lines, wired Weak electricity such as TV cables should be put through separate pipes during circuit construction, and cannot be put in the same pipe.
3, first lay the pipes and then route the cables
Weak current construction is the same as strong current construction, and the pipes should be installed first during construction. Thread the thread, so as to avoid the phenomenon that the thread cannot be twitched when changing the thread in the future.
4, avoid too many lines in the same pipe
The laying should vary according to the number of wires threaded in the pipe, In the same tube, there should not be more than four, and it is forbidden for the wires to occupy all the space in the tube. The utilization rate of the pipe diameter of the straight pipe should be 50%~60%, and the utilization rate of the pipe diameter of the curved pipe should be 40%~50%.
5, avoid breaking right-angle bends
When routing the wires, be careful not to directly break the right-angle bends , it is easy to cause the line to pass through, and it has a great influence on the signal, so it is best to use a large bend to connect.
Part5: Acceptance is more reassuring. Weak current acceptance precautions
After the home improvement circuit is completed, regular decoration companies will carry out One acceptance, including weak current acceptance. Generally, electricians of home improvement companies have low-voltage electrician operation certificates. They can be assured of the construction specifications of strong electricity, but they may not be professional in the construction of weak electricity. Therefore, special attention should be paid to whether the installation of weak electricity is correct during acceptance.
1, check the weak current box
First, check the weak current box to see if the wiring is clear, and compare the functional modules Is it clear. At the same time, special attention should be paid to no exposed strong current in the weak current box. It is recommended to bring an electric pen when the weak current is accepted to prevent workers from mistakenly installing the strong current on the weak current system.
2, check if the line is “live line”
The live line refers to the line that can be pulled, if needed later For modification, as long as the line is pulled out, the line pipe does not need to be moved, which reduces the amount of construction. During the weak current acceptance inspection, the exposed line can be twitched back and forth, and it should be able to twitch flexibly.
3, check whether the wiring is standardized
As mentioned earlier, weak current is very sensitive to radio waves and has poor anti-interference ability , so just relying on the protection of the sheathed tube can not completely reduce its reaction with the adjacent radio waves. Therefore, when laying the circuit, if the horizontal distance between weak current and strong current, weak current and weak current is too small, it is easy to cause mutual interference of signals in the future. When accepting, pay attention to check whether the distance between the lines and pipes meets the regulations.
4, test whether the weak current connection is correct
The most important part of weak current acceptance is to check whether the weak current connection is correct, and there is no open circuit. No short circuit. When testing network cables and telephone lines, you need to use a network tester to determine whether the lines are connected correctly according to the instrument’s operating instructions; while testing cable TV lines, audio and video lines, and audio lines requires a multimeter to test the continuity; other weak current lines, It is recommended to use the corresponding professional instrument test.
5, pay attention to save the as-built drawings
During the process of weak current acceptance, if some lines are not marked for use, you can Ask the worker to put the marker on. At the same time, after the acceptance is completed, in order to prevent the original design drawings from being changed during the construction process, the designer needs to be required to redraw the final design wiring diagram, and the owner should pay attention to save it for future protection and maintenance.
