Instructions for the use of ordinary wheelchairs Precautions for using wheelchairs
Wheelchairs are divided into ordinary wheelchairs and special wheelchairs. Special wheelchairs are derived from ordinary wheelchairs according to the residual limb function and purpose of wheelchair patients. Commonly used wheelchairs include standing wheelchairs, lying wheelchairs, unilateral drive wheelchairs, electric wheelchairs, and competitive wheelchairs. The structure of ordinary wheelchairs Ordinary wheelchairs are generally composed of four parts: frame, wheel (large wheel, small wheel), brake device, seat and backrest. The main parts of pressure on wheelchair users are the ischial tuberosity, thigh and popliteal fossa, and scapular region. Therefore, when choosing a wheelchair, pay attention to the appropriate size of these parts. Avoid skin abrasions, abrasions and bedsores.
Instructions for use of ordinary wheelchairs Precautions for using wheelchairs
1) It is not usually used, but is only used when going out or seeking medical treatment. It is recommended to use ordinary soft seats or The double-turn hard seat wheelchair is more economical, popular, comfortable and light in weight.
(2) Aluminum alloy is the lightest of all wheelchair materials, and it is recommended to use light aluminum alloy wheelchairs for those who go out frequently. (Generally, there are 6 series and 7 series of aluminum alloys, and the 7 series is better.)
(3) If you have a private car to go out, it is recommended to use light and portable aluminum alloy wheelchairs.
(4) If you have a broken bone or a friend who needs nursing care, it is recommended to use a semi-recumbent or full-recumbent soft-seat wheelchair with orthopedic feet (movable leg support).
(5) For those who are elderly or very inconvenient, it is recommended to use a wheelchair with movable armrests and movable leg rests.
(6) If the user is incontinent or semi-incontinent, and it is inconvenient to go to the toilet, it is recommended to use a wheelchair with a toilet. Semi-reclining and fully reclining wheelchairs with movable armrests or movable leg rests can be adjusted for comfort. For those with long-term constipation or those who are not very difficult to stand, it is recommended to use a cover-type commode wheelchair, because the seat plate is a circular hole, which can be used for a long time.
(7) For people with special difficulties, it is recommended to use special wheelchairs, such as standing wheelchairs, electric wheelchairs, and lifting wheelchairs.
Ordinary wheelchairs are suitable for the following diseases: spinal cord injury, lower extremity disability, craniocerebral disease, the elderly, the weak, and the sick. When choosing a wheelchair, the cognitive function of the patient and at least one upper limb with normal function should be considered, and the wheelchair can be operated with familiarity.
1. Opening and closing: When opening the wheelchair, place both palms on the crossbars on both sides of the wheelchair (under the armrests), and press downwards to open it. When folded, first turn up the foot pedal, then hold the seat cushion with both hands and pull it upward at the same time.
2. Operate the wheelchair by yourself: When pushing forward, release the brake before operating, sit back, look ahead, stretch your hands back, bend your elbows slightly, and hold the back half of the wheel ring with both hands. When pushing, lean your upper body forward and push your upper limbs forward at the same time and straighten your elbows. When your elbows are fully straight, release the ring, and repeat. For those with normal limb function on one side, dysfunction on the other side (such as hemiplegia), fracture of one upper and lower limb, etc., the wheelchair can be manipulated by using the upper and lower limbs of the unaffected side at the same time. The method is as follows: first turn up the foot pedal on the healthy side, put the healthy foot on the ground, and hold the hand wheel with the healthy hand. When pushing, the healthy foot steps forward on the ground, and cooperates with the healthy hand to move the wheelchair forward. When going up the slope, keep the upper body leaning forward and move the center of gravity forward. Other methods are the same as pushing the wheelchair on the flat ground. If the wheelchair is tilted backwards when going uphill, it is very likely that the wheelchair will tip over.
3. Wheelchair transfer: a case study of a hemiplegic patient.
(1) Bed-swivel between wheelchairs: place the chair on the healthy side, at an angle of 30 to 45° with the bed, brake the wheels, and remove the foot rest. The patient’s healthy hand holds the outer armrest of the wheelchair to stand up, and then slowly rotates the body with the healthy foot as the axis, so that the head is facing the chair and slowly sits down.
(2) Wheelchair – transfer between beds: Approach the bed from the healthy side, make the wheelchair an angle of 30-45° between the beds, brake the wheels, and remove the foot rest. The healthy hand grabs the handrail and stands up, after standing firmly, put it forward on the bed, take the healthy foot as the axis, slowly turn the body, and then sit down.
Precautions for using a wheelchair
1. Pay attention to safety. When entering or exiting or encountering an obstacle, do not use the wheelchair to hit the door or obstacle (especially Most of the elderly have osteoporosis and are vulnerable).
2. When pushing the wheelchair, instruct the patient to hold the handrail of the wheelchair, sit back as much as possible, and do not lean forward or get off the car by yourself; to avoid falling, add restraint belts if necessary.
3. Because the front wheel of the wheelchair is small, if it encounters small obstacles (such as small stones, small ditch, etc.) during fast driving, it is easy to cause the wheelchair to stop suddenly and cause the wheelchair or patient to tip over forward. To injure the patient, the wheelchair pusher must be careful, and pull back if necessary (because the rear wheel is larger, the ability to overcome obstacles is stronger).
4. When pushing the wheelchair downhill, the speed should be slow. The patient’s head and back should be leaned back and the handrail should be held tightly to avoid accidents.
5. Observe the condition at any time; if the patient has lower extremity edema, ulcer or joint pain, lift the foot pedal and use a soft pillow.
6. When the weather is cold, pay attention to keep warm, lay the blanket directly on the wheelchair, and wrap the blanket around the patient’s neck, fix it with a pin, and wrap both arms at the same time, with the pin fixed on the wrist, Then wrap your upper body, take off your shoes, and wrap your lower limbs and feet with a blanket.
7. Check the wheelchair frequently, add lubricating oil regularly, and keep it in good condition.
