1. Purpose
6. The second-type compass is a simple map for measuring azimuth, distance, level, slope (pitch angle), altitude, speed between marches and surveying and mapping. The utility model relates to a simple measuring device, which is coated with luminous powder on its corresponding parts for the convenience of use at night.
II. Brief introduction of structure
The instrument is mainly composed of compass and odometer.
The compass part has a lifting ring (l) and a dial base (2). There are two scale lines on the dial base. The outer ring is divided into 360 degrees, and each scale line is 1 degree. . The inner ring is divided into 6000 (mild positions), and the circumference is engraved with 300 lines. The value of each line is 20 (mild positions), and there are magnetic needles (3), goniometers (4), and the division of the pitch angle. The unit is degree. Each tick mark is 25 degrees. The pitch angle can be measured ??60 degrees. The odometer part is mainly composed of mileage division table, speed schedule (8), measuring wheel (9), gear pointer and so on. The mileage is divided into two scale values of l: 50000 and l: 100000. 1:100000 scale, each tick mark corresponds to 1 km. l: 50000 Each tick represents 0.5 km. It can be used with maps with corresponding scale or multiple scale. The speed schedule is divided into 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 km/h on the outer dial and 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30 km/h on the inner dial. (represented by V), a total of 15 speeds. Each tick mark on the time scale corresponds to 5 minutes (10 minutes for V25). There is a surveying ruler on the side of the instrument and distance estimators at both ends. The two tips of the estimator are 12.3 mm long, and the length between the sight and the sight is 123 mm, which is 10 times the length of the tip.
III. Method of use
(1) Determination of orientation
1. Determination of the current southeast Northwest direction
(1) Turn on the compass. Align the azimuth indicator “??” with “??”;
(2) Turn the compass. Wait for the magnetic needle to point to the north end of “??” “After that, the direction pointed to at this time is the north, and the east, south, west and north directions of the place can be directly read on the azimuth glass.
2. Calibrating the map orientation
Calibrating the map orientation is to use the compass to make the orientation on the map consistent with the current location
(1) Turn on the instrument and adjust the Dial base, align the azimuth index “??” with the magnetic declination angle of the local area; (3) Rotate the map so that the north end of the magnetic needle points to “O'”, then the orientation on the map is exactly the same as the current location.
3. Determine the magnetic azimuth
A determine the magnetic azimuth of the target on the map
(1) Use the compass to accurately calibrate the map and keep the map in the correct position. move;
(2) Make the surveying ruler tangent to the line connecting the point and the target point, and adjust the dial seat so that the index “??” is aligned with the “O” scribed line;
(3) After the magnetic needle is stationary, the scale on the dial base pointed to by the north end is the magnetic azimuth value from the point to the target point.
B measure the magnetic azimuth of the on-site target
(1) Turn on the instrument, align the azimuth index “??” with “O”, and make the mirror and the dial seat slightly align 45??;
(2) Insert the thumb into the lifting ring, hold the instrument flat, and aim at the target to be measured from the sight through the crosshair;
(3) From the reflector Looking at the division on the dial seat where the north end of the magnetic needle is aligned is the magnetic azimuth value of the local target.
(2) Measuring distance
1. Use a surveying ruler to directly measure the distance on the map
2. Use mileage to read Distance on the map
(l) First, set the red pointer to “O”;
(2) Hold the instrument flat, place the odometer wheel lightly on the starting point, The route taken is scrolled forward to the end point;
(3) According to the scale line pointed by the pointer on the scale, the corresponding field distance can be directly read out. For example, on a 1:50,000 map from point A to point B, the 1:50,000 scale on the instrument surface refers to 14 engraved lines, then the actual distance between points A and B is 7 kilometers. If 14 lines are measured on a 1:100,000 map, the distance between A and B is 14 kilometers. In addition, maps with corresponding proportions (such as 1:25000) or multiplied proportions (such as 1:20000 and 1:500000) can also be read by conversion.
3. Use the distance estimator to roughly measure the distance of the local target.
The distance between the two tips of the distance estimator on the instrument is 1/10 of the distance between the sight and the sight, and the distance to the local target can be determined by using a similar triangle relationship.
(1) Knowing the distance between two targets (objects) and the point where they are located, to find the distance between the two targets (objects), the following formula can be used:
Between the two targets The interval = the distance between the two targets and the standing point XI/10
Open the instrument and aim at the target closely with the eyes, if the two targets (objects) are just clamped by the two tips of the distance estimator ( As shown in the attached figure (2), it is known that the distance between the two target points and the location is 100 meters, then the interval between the two target points is
100X1/10=10 meters. The rest can follow this method Calculation.
In addition, when the distance between the two targets (objects) in front is not necessarily exactly clamped by the two tips of the distance estimator, but is smaller or larger than the distance, the following formula can be used:
p>
The distance between the two target points = the distance between the two targets and the point where they are located X1/10X the multiple of the distance between the two tips occupied by the two targets
Example: The distance between the two targets and the standing point is known The distance is 100 meters, and the measured distance between the two targets is 7/10 of the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator, then the distance between the two targets is: 100X1/10×710=7 meters. Similarly, if the distance between the two targets is the distance information If the distance between the two tips of the fixer is 1.5 times, the distance between the two targets is:
100X1/10X1.5=15 meters.
(2) The width of the known object or two The distance between the targets, the distance between the target and the point where it is located, can be calculated by the following formula:
The distance between the target and the standing point = the distance between the known targets X10
Example: It is known that the distance between the two targets in front is 12 meters, which is exactly aimed at the two tips of the distance estimator, then the distance between the target point and the standing point is: 12×10=120 meters.
In addition, it has been If you know the distance between the targets, but when aiming, it is smaller or larger than the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator, the following formula can be used: Distance=??????????????????????????????????????????
The target occupies a multiple of the distance between the two tips of the distance estimator
Note: The method of using the distance estimator to determine the distance to the target is simple, but the accuracy is not high.
(3) Calculation of marching time and speed
Using the speed schedule on the instrument, while measuring the mileage, the time required for marching or the marching speed within the specified time can be measured. The method is as follows:
l. Calculation of marching time: turn on the instrument , make the odometer pointer return to zero (the red line on the dial). At the same time as the mileage to the destination is obtained, the speed schedule is based on the 1:100000 scale mileage, and points out as 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 23, 25 kilometers /hour (outside meter, clockwise reading) and 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30 km/h, (inside meter, counterclockwise reading) speed marching time required Time. If the mileage is measured on a 1:50000 scale map, tap the measuring wheel with your finger to halve the mileage, and the speed and time indicated by the pointer are the desired ones. For example: the distance measured on the 1:50000 scale map is 40 kilometers. If you travel the entire distance at the “V20″” speed, find the required time. First, move the pointer to 20 kilometers on the 1:50000 scale, within the V20 circle What the pointer points to is what is required. If the specified speed is the speed that is not displayed on the watch, find the speed with a multiplier relationship, and multiply it by the multiplier to obtain the time. For example, the marching speed per hour is 5 kilometers, and the measured mileage is 30 Kilometers, find the time, you can read: “V10” is 3 hours, because “V10” is 2 times of V5, it will be multiplied by 2 or dial the test wheel so that the pointer indicates 60 kilometers to read V10, and it will take 6 hours, and for example “V6” ??, you can read ??V18??, multiply the number by 3 or dial the test wheel so that the pointer indicates 90 kilometers and read ??V18?? for 5 hours, and so on.
(Note: the above calculations do not include marching When taking rest, adjustment and road measurement, the slope and bending coefficient, etc., should be added to the table when organizing the march).
2. Calculation of the marching speed, when calculating the mileage to the destination At the same time, according to the required time limit, the appropriate speed within the specified time limit can be selected according to the speed time calculation table (note: if the mileage is 1:50000 scale, the specified time limit should be doubled for selection) as the marching speed.
< p>(Note: When calculating the marching speed, add the relevant marching data and then calculate accordingly)
(4) Determine the slope of the slope (pitch angle)< /strong>
Turn on the instrument, make the mirror and the dial seat slightly 45 degrees, hold the instrument on the side, aim along the sight, the sight to the inclined plane, and make the aiming line parallel to the inclined plane, let the angle measure The angle meter can swing freely, and looking at the scale division on the pitch angle meter indicated by the central scribe line of the goniometer in the reflector is the desired pitch angle (slope).
(5) Measurement The approximate height of the target
The horizontal distance between the target (object) and the location is known, first measure the pitch angle of the target, and then check the altimeter (see Appendix 1) to know The height of the target.
The method is as follows:
1. From the map or using the distance estimator, find the location and the target to be measured (such as the top of the mountain, the chimney, the spire, etc. ) horizontal distance.
2. Hold the instrument on the side, aim at the top of the target along the sight and the crosshair, let the goniometer swing freely, and see the pitch angle value indicated by the goniometer scale line.< /p>
3. Check the altimeter (Appendix 1) or use the meter formula to calculate the height. For example: the horizontal distance from the measuring point to the measured object is 100 meters, and the pitch angle is measured with the instrument Then check the altimeter for 30??, and align the 100-meter horizontal grid with the 30?? vertical grid, and find that the height of the measured object is 57.74 meters.
4. Maintenance and maintenance of the instrument
1. Do not place the instrument near ferromagnetic materials to avoid loss of magnetism.
2. Do not hit objects with a surveying ruler, so as not to affect the measurement accuracy.
3. Do not twist the reflector, so as not to affect the aiming and reading reticle. The surface should be kept smooth and clean, and do not wipe with dirty cloth or hands.
4. The instrument should be turned off when not in use. put in the box. Be careful not to collide.