Climbing equipment includes special equipment, support equipment and living equipment used by groups and individuals in mountaineering activities. Together with mountaineering food and fuel, it is the material guarantee for mountaineering activities.
First, the technical requirements of mountaineering equipment
The mountaineering equipment should be adapted to the environmental conditions of mountaineering, and the design, material selection, material use, and production should try to make it light, strong and efficient. , and can be used for multiple purposes. With the development of mountaineering and the continuous advancement of science and technology, the quality and performance of mountaineering equipment are also constantly improving, which is very necessary to improve the level of mountaineering. For example, the weight of a main rope used in France’s first mountaineering can reach 20 kg, and other mountaineering equipment is also cumbersome. At that time, their climbing height was only about 4,000 meters. Now the weight of a main rope is only 1.5 kg, the weight of other equipment is also greatly reduced, and it is more durable. In recent years, the mountaineering community in various countries has been continuously researching and improving various equipment. For example, many countries are conducting research to improve the capacity of oxygen cylinders and the efficiency of equipment use. Japan has adopted the so-called “loop oxygen”. “mask” instead of the original respirator, increasing the oxygen supply for one minute to two minutes or more. They have also adapted special equipment for tandem oxygen and rock climbing operation oxygen for climbing rocky cliffs above 8,000 meters above sea level. In addition, the quilts and camping equipment of mountaineers are also constantly improving. In recent years, lighter and warmer air tents and other camping equipment have appeared.
In terms of alpine food, in addition to delicate high-calorie compressed food and fresh-keeping dehydrated vegetables, some countries also use “self-heating cans” specially developed for astronauts, which are light and easy to carry and have sufficient of heat. Communication tools have also improved a lot in recent years. At present, the compact, lightweight and good-performance Kenxing telephony specially designed for mountain climbing has been widely used, which better ensures the contact between mountaineers and all relevant parties. With the improvement of mountaineering equipment, people’s mountaineering skills are also constantly improving, and the height and difficulty of climbing also increase.
Climbing equipment includes special equipment, support equipment and living equipment used by collectives and individuals in mountaineering activities. Together with mountaineering food and fuel, it is the material guarantee for mountaineering activities.
First, the technical requirements of mountaineering equipment
The mountaineering equipment should be adapted to the environmental conditions of mountaineering, and the design, material selection, material use, and production should try to make it light, strong and efficient. , and can be used for multiple purposes. With the development of mountaineering and the continuous advancement of science and technology, the quality and performance of mountaineering equipment are also constantly improving, which is very necessary to improve the level of mountaineering. For example, the weight of a main rope used in France’s first mountaineering can reach 20 kg, and other mountaineering equipment is also cumbersome. At that time, their climbing height was only about 4,000 meters. Now the weight of a main rope is only 1.5 kg, the weight of other equipment is also greatly reduced, and it is more durable. In recent years, the mountaineering community in various countries has been continuously researching and improving various equipment. For example, many countries are conducting research to improve the capacity of oxygen cylinders and the efficiency of equipment use. Japan has adopted the so-called “loop oxygen”. “mask” instead of the original respirator, increasing the oxygen supply for one minute to two minutes or more. They have also adapted special equipment for tandem oxygen and rock climbing operation oxygen for climbing rocky cliffs above 8,000 meters above sea level. In addition, the quilts and camping equipment of mountaineers are also constantly improving. In recent years, lighter and warmer air tents and other camping equipment have appeared.
In terms of alpine food, in addition to delicate high-calorie compressed food and fresh-keeping dehydrated vegetables, some countries also use “self-heating cans” specially developed for astronauts, which are light and easy to carry and have sufficient of heat. Communication tools have also improved a lot in recent years. At present, the compact, lightweight and good-performance Kenxing telephony specially designed for mountain climbing has been widely used, which better ensures the contact between mountaineers and all relevant parties. With the improvement of mountaineering equipment, people’s mountaineering skills are also constantly improving, and the height and difficulty of climbing also increase.
Now take the main rope as an example, the list is shown in the table below.
Development process of mountaineering equipment
Era climbing height (m) Main rope quality
1786-1899 4810-6000 cotton
1899 -1907 6000-7000 hemp
1907-1950 7000-8000 Some countries use nylon ropes
1950-1956 8000 countries use nylon ropes
two , Mountaineering equipment
Special equipment is the most necessary basic equipment directly related to mountaineering activities. Includes quilt equipment, technical equipment and camping gear.
1. Quilt equipment
Due to the different environments of competitive mountaineering and adventure mountaineering, the equipment requirements are also different.
(1) Competitive mountaineering equipment
Rock clothes and pants: the clothes and pants used in competitive mountaineering activities. It is best to choose wool products that are strong, wear-resistant and elastic.
Rock shoes: A kind of special shoes for rock work. It is best to use a strong, breathable leather material for the upper, and a harder rubber material for the sole. The sole is thicker, which is good for friction and fixation.
(2) Adventure mountaineering equipment
Warm clothing: used for heat preservation and cold protection in mountaineering activities. Windproof. The color of the clothes is mainly dark, and try to be brighter, so as to absorb heat and facilitate the observation and identification of the mountains and the mountains. In addition to clothing and pants, down socks, gloves and vests can also be made as needed.
Windbreaker: Made of high-quality, waterproof nylon. It has good windproof and warm performance. The top is hooded, and the hood, cuffs, and trousers can be adjusted for tightness.
Alpine shoes: special shoes for climbing ice and snow mountains. The material requirements are light in weight, and have good thermal insulation, waterproof, ventilation and other properties. Alpine shoes should also be equipped with leggings and shoe covers to improve their warmth and waterproof protection. When walking on ice slopes, the soles of the shoes are also tied with crampons.
Luggage: Includes backpack, rack and duffle bag.
Safety glasses: It is used to block strong sunlight and reflected light from ice and snow, and prevent ultraviolet rays from harming the eyes. The lenses of the protective glasses are preferably brown lenses. In high mountains above 7000 meters, climbers should be equipped with anti-violet and infrared anti-wind and snow glasses.
2. Technical equipment
Ice axe: This is an indispensable tool when passing through ice and snow slopes. In addition to using it to repair roads, it can also be used to assist travel and protect.
Crampons: The crampons are made of light-weight hard metal and fixed to the bottom of the alpine shoes for fixing and anti-slip.
Seat belt
: The seat belt is composed of snares, straps and clips, which are tied around the waist. It is a connection device between various protective equipment and the human body.
Main rope: The length is 40-50 meters, the diameter is 9-12 mm, and the bearing capacity is more than 1500 kilograms. It is a light and strong nylon product. Different personnel should be equipped with main ropes of different colors.